细胞自噬在肝细胞肝癌中的研究现状  

Research status of autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma

作　　者：童里 郑小飞 顾旺 张冲[1] 张超[1] TONG Li;ZHENG Xiaofei;GU Wang;ZHANG Chong;ZHANG Chao(Department of General Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei,Anhui 230022,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学第一附属医院普外科,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2023年第4期672-676,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085MH243);安徽医科大学高峰学科建设基金项目(9001001823)。

摘　　要：细胞自噬是种“自我吞食”的现象,通过降解细胞内受损或多余的蛋白、细胞器和其他胞质成分,从而实现细胞本身的代谢需要和细胞器的更新。正常情况下,自噬有利于维持细胞的稳态,防止损伤的蛋白或细胞器在细胞内堆积。通过吞噬泡的形成和延伸,产生自噬小体,继而与溶酶体融合形成自噬溶酶体,降解细胞内聚物及损伤的细胞器,为细胞的更新提供营养和能量。肝脏在代谢和应激后可发生高水平的自噬反应,自噬紊乱会影响肝细胞内的稳态而导致多种疾病的发生,自噬的缺失是多种肝脏疾病发生发展的关键机制。肝癌作为常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤,肿瘤形成早期自噬作为肝细胞肝癌形成的抑制因素,晚期肝癌细胞通过自噬在营养缺乏和低氧环境下生存,自噬为癌细胞提供营养物质促进生长。目前大量研究表明,细胞自噬在肝细胞肝癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用,同时自噬对肿瘤治疗有细胞保护性和细胞毒性的双重影响,因此通过调控自噬能提高肝细胞肝癌的治愈率,为肝癌提供新的治疗靶点及方向。本文主要总结细胞自噬的发生机制,了解细胞自噬对肝细胞肝癌发生发展的影响和潜在的治疗价值。Autophagy is a phenomenon of"self-engulfment"by degrading damaged or redundant proteins,organelles and other cytoplasmic components in cells to achieve the metabolic needs of cells and the renewal of organelles.Under normal circumstances,autophagy is conducive to maintaining the homeostasis of cells,prevents damaged proteins or organelles from accumulating in cells and generates autophagosomes through the formation and extension of phagosomes,which then fuse with lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes.It can degrade intracellular aggregates and damage organelles to provide nutrients and energy for cell renewal.High levels of autophagy can occur in the liver after metabolism and stress.Autophagy disorders can affect the homeostasis of hepatocytes and lead to the occurrence of various diseases.The lack of autophagy is the key to the development of various liver diseases.Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common hepatic malignant tumour.Autophagy in the early stage of tumour formation can be used as an inhibitory factor for the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma.Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma cells overcome nutrient deficiency and survive under hypoxic environment through autophagy and provide nutrients for cancer cells to promote growth.At present,a large number of studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Autophagy also has cytoprotective and cytotoxic effects on tumour treatment.Therefore,regulating autophagy can improve the cure rate of hepatocellular carcinoma.To provide new therapeutic targets and directions for liver cancer,this review mainly summarised the mechanism of autophagy and the influence of autophagy on the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its potential therapeutic value.

关 键 词：肝细胞肝癌 细胞自噬 肝肿瘤 

分 类 号：R735.7[医药卫生—肿瘤]