饲料中糙米替代玉米的研究进展  

Review on research of substitution of brown rice for corn in feed

作　　者：田乐 王大力[1] 郑可心 王汝琦 齐慧宇 陈娟[1] 张晶[1] TIAN Yue;WANG Dali;ZHENG Kexin;WANG Ruqi;QI Huiyu;CHEN Juan;ZHANG Jing(Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in Northeastern Area,College of Animal Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学动物科学学院吉林省东北寒区畜禽饲料与饲养重点实验室,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2023年第3期622-629,共8页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A20251);吉林省科技发展计划资助项目(20210202039NC)。

摘　　要：我国猪禽配合饲料及草食家畜精料补充料以玉米-豆粕型为主,玉米是主要的能量饲料。我国2021年玉米进口量2835万t,将近80%用于发展养殖业饲料。开发利用现有饲料原料减量替代玉米是缓解其依赖于进口的有效措施,因此,我国急需构建适合国情的新型饲粮配方,调整优化饲料配方结构,促进玉米减量替代,以达到增效降本的理念。2021年我国稻谷产量21284万t,南方主要种植早籼稻,北方主要种植粳稻。为了稳定稻谷价格和粮食安全,近年来我国一直进行稻谷收储工作。从2021年开始进行收储时间较长的陈稻谷脱壳生产陈糙米,主要用于饲料业和养殖业。糙米营养丰富,粗蛋白质含量与玉米接近,在氨基酸组成和平衡方面优于玉米,糙米对畜禽生产性能无不良影响。本研究主要对糙米的营养特点、畜禽饲料中应用、饲料中添加糙米存在的问题等方面进行总结归纳,为饲料中糙米替代玉米提供理论依据。Pig and poultry compound feed and grass-fed livestock concentrate supplements in China are mainly corn-soybean meal type,and the corn is the main energy feed.In 2021,China imported 28.35 million tons of corn,nearly 80%of which was used to develop animal feed.In order to alleviate the dependence of corn on imports,developing and using existing feed materials to replace corn is an effective measure.Therefore,China urgently needs to build a new type of feed formula suitable for the national conditions,adjust and optimize the structure of the feed formula,and promote the reduction and substitution of corn,so as to achieve the concept of increasing efficiency and reducing costs.In 2021,the rice output was 212.84 million tons,with early indica rice mainly grown in the south and japonica rice in the north.In order to stabilize rice prices and food security,China has been carrying out rice purchase and storage in recent years.The rice with a long storage time has been husking to produce old brown rice since 2021,which is mainly used in the feed industry and aquaculture.Brown rice is rich in nutrients,and its crude protein content is close to that of corn.It is superior to corn in terms of amino acid composition and balance.Brown rice has no adverse effect on the production performance of livestock and poultry.This paper mainly summarizes the nutritional characteristics of brown rice,its application in livestock and poultry feeds,and the problems of adding brown rice to feed,so as to provide a theoretical basis for brown rice to replace corn in feed.

关 键 词：糙米 玉米 饲料 

分 类 号：S816.41[农业科学—饲料科学]