动态竞争视角下的专利诉讼风险影响因素:基于专利战略差异化的分析  

Influencing Factors of Patent Litigation Risk from the Perspective of Dynamic Competition:Analysis Based on Patent Strategy Differentiation

作　　者：董怡敏 王龙伟[1] Dong Yimin;Wang Longwei(Business School,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学管理学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2023年第5期187-196,共10页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划项目“研发联盟中的知识泄露、知识保护与企业创新绩效的关系研究”(20YJA630063)。

摘　　要：以2010—2020年我国1 516家上市企业作为研究对象,基于动态竞争的“意识-动机-能力”框架,将专利战略分为专有专利战略、防御专利战略和杠杆专利战略3种,探讨不同专利战略所导致的专利诉讼风险差异,同时考察焦点企业面临的市场竞争强度、地方司法保护及政治联系3种外部因素如何通过影响竞争对手的意识、动机和能力调节其专利诉讼行为。结果表明:相比于防御和杠杆专利战略,实施专有专利战略的企业会面临更高的专利诉讼风险;市场竞争强度加强了焦点企业专有专利战略与其面临的专利诉讼风险之间的关系,而焦点企业所处的地区地方司法保护及其政治联系则会削弱上述关系;更强的市场竞争能够增强竞争对手对焦点企业专有专利战略带来的竞争与威胁的意识,促使竞争对手针对竞争信号发起专利诉讼。因此,企业要灵活选择专利战略以降低所面临的专利诉讼风险,特别是实施专有专利战略时需要提前做好应对专利诉讼的预案措施。Taking 1 516 listed companies from 2010 to 2020 as the research object,based on the "AwarenessMotivation-Capability" framework of dynamic competition,patent strategies are divided into three types of proprietary patent strategy,defensive patent strategy and leveraged patent strategy,and the differences of patent litigation risks caused by different patent strategies are discussed.At the same time,how the three external factors,market competition intensity,local judicial protection and political connection faced by the focus enterprises,regulate the patent litigation behavior by affecting the awareness,motivation and capability of competitors.The results show that compared with defense and leverage patent strategy,enterprises that implement proprietary patent strategy will face higher patent litigation risk;The intensity of market competition strengthens the relationship between the proprietary patent strategy of focus enterprises and the patent litigation risks they face,while the local judicial protection and political connection in the areas where focus enterprises are located will weaken the above relationship;Stronger market competition can enhance competitors' awareness of the competition and threats brought by the proprietary patent strategy of focus enterprises,and urge competitors to initiate patent litigation against competitive signals.Therefore,enterprises should flexibly choose patent strategy to reduce the risk of patent litigation,especially when implementing proprietary patent strategy,they need to take pre-planned measures to deal with patent litigation in advance.

关 键 词：专利战略 专利诉讼风险 企业竞争 市场竞争强度 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学] F272[政治法律—法学] G301[经济管理—企业管理]