教育扩张政策与流动人口的教育收益率  

The Policy of Educational Expansion and Educational Return Rate of Floating Migrants

作　　者：方超[1] FANG Chao(School of Public Administration,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2023年第3期52-63,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“流动人口视角下经济转型时期教育扩张政策的收入分配效应研究”(20JYC007);江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划重点课题“经济转型时期教育扩张政策的代际传递效应研究”(B/2021/01/91);南京财经大学高等教育与改革发展一般课题“教育扩张政策的代际传递效应研究”(GJGF202125)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着新的“读书无用论”甚嚣尘上,学历教育的社会经济价值以及教育扩张政策的收入分配效应成为公共教育政策效果评价领域的热点研究问题。基于流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据,通过流动人口教育收益率的测量,从劳动力市场的视角评估教育扩张政策的社会经济价值。研究发现:第一,教育扩张政策具有较强的教育价值,一方面提高了流动人口的受教育程度,另一方面显示出男性在义务教育和大学教育参与率上高于女性;第二,教育扩张政策具有较强的经济价值,利用工具变量法纠正基准估计中的内生性偏差后发现,义务教育改革和高校扩招能将全体、男性、女性流动人口的教育收益率分别提高362%、353.1%、442.9%和14.3%、7.4%、28.4%;第三,进一步利用无条件分位数回归及广义分位数回归框架的异质性分析发现,义务教育改革和高校扩招对于流动人口工资水平的影响表现为V和倒V型曲线。从分配效应上看,义务教育改革有助于缩减流动人口的组内工资收入差距,但高校扩招政策扩大了组内工资差距。因此,应继续深化教育事业改革,有针对性地向低收入群体和相对贫困家庭供给优质均衡的义务教育和高等教育机会,同时用好、用活多种形式的教育补贴,以期更好地发挥公共教育扩张政策的收入分配效应,助力教育事业推进相对贫困的有效治理。In recent years,with the growing popularity of the theory of the useless of college education,the social and economic value of academic education and the income distribution effect of education expansion policy have become the hot research issues in the field of public education policy effect evaluation.Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of health and family planning of floating population,the social and economic value of education expansion policy is evaluated from the perspective of labor market by measuring the return rate of floating population education.The research finds that:firstly,the policy of education expansion has strong educational value,which has improved the education level of the floating population on the one hand,and shows that men are higher than women in the participation rate of compulsory education and university education on the other hand;secondly,the policy of education expansion has strong economic value,and after correcting the endogenous bias in the benchmark estimate by using the instrumental variable method,it was found that the reform of compulsory education and the expansion of college enrollment can increase the educational return of all,male and female floating population by 362%,353.1%,442.9% and 14.3%,7.4% and 28.4%respectively;thirdly,further using the heterogeneity analysis of unconditional quantile regression and generalized quantile regression framework,it was found that the impact of compulsory education reform and college enrollment expansion on the wage level of the floating population is represented by V and inverted V curves.From the perspective of distribution effect,the reform of compulsory education helps to reduce the intra-group wage gap of floating population,but the policy of college enrollment expansion has expanded the intra-group wage gap.The reform of education should be deepened continuously,providing high-quality and balanced compulsory education and higher education opportunities to low-income groups and relatively poor families,and making good

关 键 词：教育扩张 义务教育改革 高校扩招 教育收益率 工具变量 

分 类 号：G646[文化科学—高等教育学] G467.2[文化科学—教育学]