中小学校突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力调查  

Public health emergency response capacity in primary and secondary schools

作　　者：申慧杰 焦锋 马迎华[2] 韩芳 邓睿 朱敏 黄洪云 赵瑞兰[5] SHEN Huijie;JIAO Feng;MA Yinghua;HAN Fang;DENG Rui;ZHU Min;HUANG Hongyun;ZHAO Ruilan(School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming(650500),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南650500 [2]北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所 [3]昆明医科大学海源学院 [4]重庆市教育委员会体卫艺处 [5]北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第3期454-457,461,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：教育部体育卫生与艺术国防教育专项课题(42020033)。

摘　　要：目的厘清中小学校应对突发公共卫生事件的应急处置能力现状,探讨存在的问题和主要困难,并提出针对性建议。方法2021年1—3月,采用分层整群抽样方法,以北京、重庆、云南三地的2988所学校疫情相关工作负责人及教师为主要调查对象,开展关于学校一般情况、学校卫生及突发公共卫生事件相关知识、态度以及培训情况等内容的问卷调查。结果调查对象职务、职称、学历不同,各相关知识正确率不同:学历越高,相关知识正确率越高(χ^(2)=50.73~203.36,P值均<0.05);高中学校定期开展健康相关课程情况最差(50.0%);配备具有执业资格的卫生保健人员情况,城区学校(42.0%)高于农村学校(18.2%),民办学校(48.5%)高于公办学校(24.7%);存在的主要困难是缺乏专业技术人员的指导和相关检测设备(84.91%,74.03%)。结论三地区学校突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力虽与时俱进,但仍存在诸多不足,知识掌握情况仍有疏漏,建议增加学校卫生工作岗前与专项培训,疾控机构要加强对学校传染病管理技术指导和工作督导。Objective To understand the public health emergency response capacity in primary and secondary schools,and to explore the problems and challenges in the prevention and control of public health emergency in primary and secondary schools for specific strategies.Methods By using the stratified group sampling method,a questionnaire survey on general situation,knowledge,attitude and training,as well as public health emergencies response capacity among 2988 teachers or leaders responsible for school emergency response in primary and secondary schools from Beijing,Chongqing and Yunnan.Results Participants varied on their positions,titles,educational background and knowledge accuracy.Higher knowledge accuracy was associated with higher educational background(χ^(2)=50.73-203.36,P<0.05).The implementation of regular public health emergency-related programs was poorly conducted in high schools(50.0%).Urban schools(42.0%)had higher proportion of qualified health care professionals than rural schools(18.2%),and private schools(48.5%)was higher than public schools(24.7%).The primary challenges included the shortage of guidance from professionals and the lack of related testing equipment(84.91%,74.03%).Conclusion Although the ability of emergency handling of public health emergencies in schools in the three regions is advancing with the times,there are still many deficiencies,some omissions in the mastery of knowledge.It is suggested to inerease pre-service and special training of school health work CDC should strengthen technical guidance and work supervision of infectious disease management in schools.

关 键 词：公共卫生 生活变动事件 组织和管理 中小学生卫生保健服务 

分 类 号：G478.2[文化科学—教育学] R179[文化科学—教育技术学]