文冠果壳基活性炭制备工艺优化与性能表征  

Optimizing the preparation process and characterize of the performance of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge shell-based activated carbon

作　　者：吕思妍 马挺军[1] LYU Siyan;MA Tingjun(College of Food Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院食品科学与工程学院,北京102206

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第4期171-179,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：甘肃省2022年度重点(县域)人才项目——靖远县文冠果深加工研究(202201);北京农学院学位与研究生教育改革与发展项目(2022YJS031)。

摘　　要：文冠果壳为文冠果榨油后的废弃物,为避免环境污染,充分利用这种废弃物制成高附加值的活性炭,该研究以文冠果壳为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备活性炭,以固液比、磷酸浓度、活化时间和活化温度为自变量,活性炭的碘吸附值为因变量,经响应面试验优化制备工艺,探究文冠果壳活性炭的吸附性能。结果表明,通过响应面试验优化得到最佳工艺条件:固液比1∶1 g/mL,磷酸浓度71%,活化时间158 min,活化温度540℃,此时碘吸附值为(1127.377±2.406)mg/g,与预测的碘吸附值误差仅为0.390%。与文冠果壳相比,经活化得到的活性炭水分和灰分明显降低,C元素质量分数升高至69.702%;活性炭的比表面积为841.438 m^(2)/g,总孔容为0.593 cm^(3)/g,平均孔径为4.361 nm,孔隙结构发达,主要以介孔为主,且官能团主要为羰基。因此可以用文冠果壳制备出吸附性能好的活性炭,该结果可为磷酸活化法制备文冠果壳基活性炭的工业化生产提供一定参考。Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is one type of high-valued oilseed crop in recent years.However,a large amount of shell waste can be generated during oil production.It is a high demand to explore the feasibility of converting crop shells into activated carbon,in order to reduce the environmental waste.Taking the shells of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge as the experimental raw material,this study aims to optimize the H_(3)PO_(4)activation preparation of activated carbon.The activated carbon with better adsorption performance was obtained after process optimization.This activated carbon was then characterized for the reuse of the shells of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge.A single-factor test was conducted to investigate the effects of the four factors on the yield and iodine adsorption of activated carbon with the solid-liquid ratio,H_(3)PO_(4)concentration,activation time,and activation temperature as independent variables.A response surface optimization test was then conducted to obtain the finished activated carbon with the best adsorption performance.The interaction effects were also clarified among the above four factors.The moisture,ash,and element were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),N_(2)adsorption-desorption isotherm,and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The results showed that the optimal process conditions were achieved:the solid-liquid ratio of 1:1 g/mL,H_(3)PO_(4)concentration of 71%,activation time of 158 min,activation temperature of 540℃,and iodine adsorption value of(1127.377±2.406)mg/g.The influence of each factor on the iodine adsorption was ranked from the activation temperature,activation time,H_(3)PO_(4)concentration,and solid-liquid ratio in the descending order,in which the interaction between the solid-liquid ratio and H_(3)PO_(4)concentration was the most significant.The characterization showed that the moisture and ash content of activated carbon decreased significantly,compared with the raw material.The element C increased significantly from 45.124%to 69.702

关 键 词：活性炭 比表面积 响应面 文冠果壳 磷酸活化 表征 

分 类 号：TS209[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]