基本动作技能对智力障碍儿童中高强度身体活动的影响:障碍程度的差异  

Influence of Fundamental Motor Skills on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Children with Intellectual Disabilities:Difference in Severity

作　　者：张磊[1] 王丹丹[2] 吴雪萍[1] ZHANG Lei;WANG Dandan;WU Xueping(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]上海理工大学,上海200093

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第4期27-35,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市海外高层次人才项目(TP2020063);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(21YJC890032)。

摘　　要：目的:探究基本动作技能对不同程度智力障碍儿童中高强度身体活动(moderate to vigorous physical activity,MVPA)水平的影响。方法:采用方便抽样方法共获得轻度(n=48)、中度(n=60)和重度(n=45)智力障碍儿童153名,其中男生116名,女生37名。采用大肌肉动作发展评估量表(第2版)对受试者的基本动作技能水平进行评估,采用三轴加速度计ActiGraph GT3X+对受试者的身体活动水平进行测量。结果:不同程度智力障碍儿童的身体活动水平[F_(6,290)=18.379,η_(p)^(2)=0.28,P<0.01]和基本动作技能得分[F_(4,294)=54.230,η_(p)^(2)=0.425,P<0.01]差异显著,障碍程度越重,MVPA越低[轻度(44.21 min/天)>中度(38.34 min/天)>重度(20.76 min/天)],基本动作技能得分越低[轻度(72.12)>中度(56.77)>重度(22.29)];校正混杂因素后,轻度智力障碍儿童控制技能对MVPA存在显著影响(R^(2)=0.191,β=0.437,P<0.01),中度智力障碍儿童位移技能对MVPA存在显著影响(R^(2)=0.091,β=0.315,P<0.05),重度智力障碍儿童无相关关系。结论:障碍程度是影响智力障碍儿童动作发展和身体活动参与的重要个体因素,且不同程度智力障碍儿童中基本动作技能发展对身体活动水平具有不同的积极影响。建议对智力障碍儿童进行身体活动干预时应重点考虑因障碍程度差异导致的基本动作技能的差异以及基本动作技能与身体活动水平的关联效应差异。Objective:To investigate the influence of fundamental motor skills on moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)in children with intellectual disabilities(ID)in different degrees.Methods:Children with intellectual disabilities(n=153)including 116 boys and 37 girls in different severity degrees[mild(n=48),moderate(n=60),and severe(n=45)]which were obtained by convenient sampling method.The Fundamental motor skills level of the subjects was evaluated with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2,and the physical activity level was measured with the three-axis accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X+.Results:Children with different severity of intellectual disabilities have significant different level of physical activity[F_(6,290)=18.379,n_(p)^(2)=0.28,P<0.01]and fundamental motor skills[F_(4,294)=54.230,n_(p)^(2)=0.425,P<0.01],the heavier the degree,the lower the MVPA[mild(44.21 min/day)>moderate(38.34 min/day)>severe(20.76 min/day)]and the lower fundamental motor skills performance scores[mild(72.12)>moderate(56.77)>severe(22.29)].After correcting for confounding factors,for children with mild intellectual disabilities,object control skills have a significant influence on MVPA(R^(2)=0.191,β=0.437,P<0.01);for children with moderate intellectual disabilities,locomotor skills have a significant influence on MVPA(R^(2)=0.091,β=0.315,P<0.05);for children with severe intellectual disabilities,there is no significant relation between fundamental motor skills and MVPA.Conclusions:Severity difference is the main individual factor that may influence the motor development and physical activity in children with intellectual disabilities,and fundamental motor skills have a different positive effects in physical activity levels of children with different severity intellectual disabilities.It should be considered when implementing physical activity intervention for children with intellectual disabilities,the differences in fundamental motor skills caused by differences in severity difference and the differences in the correlation effects

关 键 词：基本动作技能 身体活动 智力障碍 儿童 障碍程度 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]