生态产品市场化定价的理论基础:(1)生态学基础  

Theoretical Foundations of Market Pricing of Ecosystem Products:(1)Ecology

作　　者：陈钰 刘耕源[1,2] CHEN Yu;LIU Gengyuan(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Integrated Regulation of Watershed Environment,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875 [2]北京市流域环境生态修复与综合调控工程技术研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国国土资源经济》2023年第4期4-12,89,共10页Natural Resource Economics of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1301200);国家自然科学基金项目(52070021);海南国家公园研究院科研项目(KY-23ZK02)。

摘　　要：生态产品价值实现是践行生态文明的重要组成,也是“两山”转换的关键。虽然已有多种将生态产品内在价值转化为经济效益的途径,但缺乏对支撑生态产品合理化定价的环境伦理、生态学和经济学理论的系统化梳理和反思。文章梳理了生态价值概念随着人类对自然从顺应、利用到重视的变化过程,阐述了理论的升级和价值观的转变,重点探讨了生态产品定价的两个重要争议:(1)定价是否属于“人类中心主义”的范畴;(2)市场化定价可能会对生态价值观产生怎样的冲击。研究发现:在既关注了生态产品为人类提供的“直接价值”,又以充分保护和重视其“内在价值”为目的范式下,生态产品市场化定价已脱离了纯粹的人类中心主义;但将生态产品融入资本市场后,仍需要警惕可能出现的价值观担忧,以及重视生态产品与其他产品相比的非线性、不可逆、产权特殊等属性,还要平衡好生态产品使用价值和非使用价值的关系等。Ecosystem product value realization is an important component of ecological civilization and a key to"clear waters,and green mountains are as good as mountains of gold and silver."Although there are various ways of translating the intrinsic value of ecosystem products into economic benefits,there is a lack of systematic review and reflection on the environmental ethics,ecology,and economic theories that support the rational pricing of ecosystem products.The article reviews the changing concept of ecological values as human attitudes towards nature have shifted from adaptation to exploitation to respect,describes the upgrading of theory and the shift in values,and focuses on two critical controversies in the pricing of ecosystem products:①whether pricing falls under the category of anthropocentrism;②how market-based pricing might affect ecological values.The study found that while there is now recognition of the"direct value"that ecosystem products provide to humans,and the aim is to adequately protect and value the"intrinsic value"of ecosystems,market pricing of ecosystem products has moved away from pure anthropocentrism.The study found that while the"direct value"that ecosystem products provide to humans is now recognized,and the aim is to adequately protect and value the"intrinsic value"of ecosystems,market pricing of ecosystem products has moved away from pure anthropocentrism.However,when ecosystem products enter the capital market,there should still be alarm about possible changes in value,as well as attention to the non-linear,irreversible and special property rights of ecosystem products compared to other products,and should balance between the use value and non-use value of ecosystem products.

关 键 词：人地关系 价值理论 生态学理论 生态产品定价 价值观 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F062.1