美国国家实验室运行管理经验与启示  

Experience and enlightenment of American national laboratory operation management

作　　者：李辉 房超[2] 黎晓东 LI Hui;FANG Chao;LI Xiaodong(Institute of Science and Technology Information,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100044,China;Lab for High Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Policy Research Center,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术研究院科技情报研究所,北京100044 [2]清华大学高技术实验室,北京100084 [3]北京市科学技术研究院政策研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2023年第3期243-249,254,共8页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：国际科技创新中心建设规划与政策研究专项(20220177016);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2021-HZ-13);中国工程院重大咨询项目(2019-ZD-40-2)。

摘　　要：该文梳理了美国国家实验室的发展历程和运行模式,总结其运行管理特点包括:立法保障国家实验室运行管理;国有托管体制促进融通创新;财政拨款和绩效评估体系共同支撑自由探索;国家实验室与大科学装置一体化发展吸引全球人才;产学研协同创新等。结合美国国家实验室运行管理经验和我国国情,从法律法规体系建设、现代化治理体系建设、投入和考核模式、科技成果转化等方面提出国家实验室运行管理建议,以期为我国高水平国家实验室建设提供参考。This paper reviews the development history and operation mode of the national laboratory in the United States,and summarizes the characteristics of their operation and management,including:legislation to ensure the operation and management of the national laboratory,state-owned trusteeship system to promote financing innovation,financial allocation and performance evaluation system to jointly support free exploration,the integrated development of the national laboratory and large scientific devices to attract global talents,collaborative innovation of industry-education-research.Based on the experience of operation and management of national laboratories in the United States and China's national conditions,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the operation and management of national laboratories from the aspects of legal and regulatory system construction,modern governance system construction,investment and assessment mode,transformation of scientific and technological achievements,in order to provide reference for the construction of high-level national laboratories in China.

关 键 词：国家实验室 发展演化 运行管理模式 现代化国家实验室体系 

分 类 号：G482[文化科学—教育学]