组蛋白翻译后修饰在卵巢功能调控中的作用  

Role of histone posttranslational modifications in the regulation of ovarian function

作　　者：乐美玲 曾连杰 罗韬 郑莉萍[1,2] LE Mei-Ling;ZENG Lian-Jie;LUO Tao;ZHENG Li-Ping(Basic Medical College,Nanchang University;Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province;Life Science Research Institute of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学基础医学院 [2]江西省生殖生理与病理重点实验室 [3]南昌大学生命科学研究院,南昌330013

出　　处：《生理学报》2023年第1期91-98,共8页Acta Physiologica Sinica

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82160284, 81771583, 82160288);Main Academic Disciplines and Technology Leaders Training Program (No. 20194BCJ22005);Key Projects of Science and Technology Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi Province,China (No. 2021Z019)。

摘　　要：卵巢是雌性哺乳动物的生殖器官,担负着产生成熟卵子和分泌性激素的功能。卵巢的功能调控涉及细胞生长和分化相关基因的有序激活和抑制。近年研究发现组蛋白翻译后修饰因可影响DNA复制、损伤修复及基因转录活性,且一些调节组蛋白修饰的酶为转录因子相关的共激活因子或共抑制因子,在卵巢功能调控和相关疾病发生和发展中起重要作用。本文以卵泡发育和性激素分泌与作用的机制为主线,概括常见组蛋白修饰(主要是乙酰化和甲基化)在生殖周期中的动态变化规律及其对重要分子事件的基因表达调控,如组蛋白乙酰化的特殊动态变化对卵母细胞减数分裂的阻滞与恢复意义重大,而组蛋白(尤其是H3K4)甲基化通过调控卵母细胞的染色质转录活性与减数分裂进程影响其成熟,排卵前组蛋白乙酰化或甲基化亦可促进类固醇激素的合成与分泌等。最后简述了异常组蛋白翻译后修饰在两种常见卵泡发育障碍性疾病(早发性卵巢功能不全、多囊卵巢综合征)发生和发展中的作用。本综述将为理解卵巢功能的复杂调控机制和探索相关疾病的潜在治疗靶点提供有益参考。The ovary is the reproductive organ of female mammals, which is responsible for producing mature eggs and secreting sex hormones. The regulation of ovarian function involves the ordered activation and repression of genes related to cell growth and differentiation. In recent years, it has been found that histone posttranslational modification can affect DNA replication, damage repair and gene transcriptional activity. Some regulatory enzymes mediating histone modification are co-activators or co-inhibitors associated with transcription factors, which play important roles in the regulation of ovarian function and the development of ovary-related diseases. Therefore, this review outlines the dynamic patterns of common histone modifications(mainly acetylation and methylation)during the reproductive cycle and their regulation of gene expression for important molecular events, focusing on the mechanisms of follicle development and sex hormone secretion and function. For example, the specific dynamics of histone acetylation are important for the arrest and resumption of meiosis in oocytes, while histone(especially H3K4) methylation affects the maturation of oocytes by regulating their chromatin transcriptional activity and meiotic progression. Besides, histone acetylation or methylation can also promote the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones before ovulation. Finally, the abnormal histone posttranslational modifications in the development of two common ovarian diseases(premature ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome) are briefly described. It will provide a reference basis for understanding the complex regulation mechanism of ovarian function and further exploring the potential therapeutic targets of related diseases.

关 键 词：组蛋白翻译后修饰 卵巢 功能调控 

分 类 号：R394[医药卫生—医学遗传学]