工业机器人应用能否缩小性别就业差距?  

Can Industrial Intelligence Narrow the Gender Employment Gap?

作　　者：马红梅 孙艺文 MA Hong-mei;SUN Yi-wen

机构地区：[1]贵州大学公共管理学院 [2]贵州基层社会治理创新高端智库 [3]贵州大学经济学院

出　　处：《产经评论》2023年第1期135-147,共13页Industrial Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“共同富裕背景下西南民族地区青年农民工就业质量提升对策研究”(项目编号:22XSH018,项目负责人:马红梅)。

摘　　要：以工业机器人为代表的人工智能技术重塑了劳动力市场供需结构,劳动力市场中性别就业结构呈现新特征。基于个人偏好歧视理论,试图探究工业机器人应用对性别就业差距的影响。结果显示:工业机器人应用能显著缩小劳动力市场中的性别就业差距。异质性分析表明,在第三产业占比越高、教育差异越小的地区,工业机器人应用能更有效地缩小性别就业差距;在社会发展水平较高的区域,工业机器人应用缩小性别就业差距的效果则一般。进一步研究发现,工业机器人应用能通过促进产业结构升级、推动城镇化发展,进而缩小性别就业差距。因此,地方政府可基于地区特征,通过适时的政策引导达到工业机器人应用推动经济社会公平发展的目标,进而促进共同富裕。In the new wave of industrial revolution,artificial intelligence technology represented by robots has reshaped the labor market supply and demand structure.And the employment gap between male and female labor force shows new features.Based on the theory of individual preference discrimination,the impact of changing employer preferences on the gender employment gap under industrial intelligence and its path of influence are judged.The empirical study finds that the development of industrial intelligence has a significant ameliorating effect on the gender employment gap in the labor market.Heterogeneity analysis shows that industrial intelligence is more effective in alleviating the gender employment gap in regions with a higher share of three industries and smaller educational differences,but the effect of industrial intelligence is average for regions with a higher level of social development.Further research found that the increase in industrial intelligence will reduce the gender employment gap by promoting the upgrading of industrial structure as well as enhancing social development.The findings of the study are conducive to local governments'efforts to promote equitable economic and social development through timely policy guidance based on regional characteristics and industrial intelligence,thereby achieving common prosperity.

关 键 词：工业机器人 性别就业差距 产业结构升级 城镇化 

分 类 号：F241[经济管理—劳动经济] F246[经济管理—国民经济]