新疆黑山筋脉玛瑙的分类及显微特征  

Classification and Microscopic Characteristic of“Jinmai”Agate from Heishan,Xinjiang

作　　者：尹希严 狄敬如[1,3,4] 顾一露 YIN Xiyan;DI Jingru;GU Yilu(Gemmological Institute,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Gems and Jewelry Engineering Technology Research Center,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei TurquoiseTesting Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shiyan 442299,China;Gem Testing Center,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)珠宝学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]湖北省珠宝工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430074 [3]湖北松石检测技术有限公司,湖北十堰442299 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)珠宝检测中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文）》2023年第2期21-31,共11页Journal of Gems & Gemmology

基　　金：绿松石工艺和机理研究项目(KH2260304);中国地质大学(武汉)珠宝检测技术创新中心项目(CIGTWZ-2021002)。

摘　　要：筋脉玛瑙作为石英质玉石中一个尤为特殊的品种,深受消费者喜爱。近年来自新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区巴楚县黑山附近产出的筋脉玛瑙以其鲜艳丰富的颜色、奇峻多样的形态,成为最受欢迎的筋脉玛瑙品种之一。对150余件新疆黑山筋脉玛瑙样品进行常规宝石学测试并分类研究,使用偏光显微镜观察其结构特征,分析了“筋脉”以及其它特殊表面结构的微观结构成因。结果显示,黑山筋脉玛瑙根据颜色色系分为:灰绿-墨绿色系、橙红-深红色系、橙黄-土黄色系、乳白-乳黄色系、黑灰色系五类;按照表面结构特征分为:细筋脉、粗筋脉、内筋脉、外筋脉和纯筋脉和“鱼籽”,分类依据涵盖“筋脉”的粗细和分布密集程度、“筋脉”在玛瑙整体的位置以及部分特殊结构如环形突起和球粒状突起。显微结构特征显示,黑山筋脉玛瑙的主要为隐晶质结构、隐晶质纤维结构,其中“筋脉”和“鱼籽”的外部结构特征对应其内部的隐晶质纤维结构(平行纤维结构、纤维放射结构);而基体(“肉”质)部分基本由隐晶质结构组成。结合拉曼光谱测试可知,黑山筋脉玛瑙的主要矿物成分为α-石英,次要矿物为斜硅石,部分样品中的红色球粒状杂质矿物为赤铁矿。As a special variety of quartz jade,“Jinmai”agate,that has tendon patterns on the surface,is deeply loved by consumers.In recent years,the“Jinmai”agate produced near Heishan,Bachu County,Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,has become one of the most popular varieties of“Jinmai”agate due to its varied colours and various shapes.More than 150 samples of“Jinmai”agate from Heishan,Xinjiang,were studied and classified by conventional gemmological tests,and its structural characteristics were observed by a polarized light microscope,and the microstructure causes of tendon-pattern on the surface and other special surface structures were analyzed.The results show that the colour of“Jinmai”agate from Heishan,mainly includes five categories:gray-green to dark green series,orange-red to dark red series,orange-yellow to khaki series,milky-yellow to yellow series,and black to gray series.There are“tendons”,thick“tendons”,internal“tendons”,external“tendons”,pure“tendons”and“fish roe”structures,and the classification is based on the thickness and distribution density of the“tendons”,the position of the“tendons”in the agate,and some special structures,such as annular protrusions and globular protrusions.The microstructural features of“Jinmai”agate from Heishan,Xinjiang are mainly cryptocrystalline structure and cryptocrystalline fiber structure,among which the external structural features of“tendons-pattern”and“fish roe”correspond to the internal cryptocrystalline fiber structure:fiber parallel structure and fibrous radiating structure;while the matrix(the“flesh”substance without special structural features)is partly composed of a cryptocrystalline structure.Raman spectra showed that the main mineral component of“Jinmai”agate from Heishan,Xinjiang isα-quartz,the secondary mineral is moganite and the red globular impurity mineral in some samples is hematite.

关 键 词：筋脉玛瑙 显微结构 石英质玉 品种分类 新疆黑山 

分 类 号：TS93[轻工技术与工程]