《推销员之死》之言语行为理论解析  

An Analysis of Speech Act Theory in Death of a Salesman

作　　者：张海燕[1] 汤敏 ZHANG Haiyan;TANG Min(Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学,北京100044

出　　处：《文化创新比较研究》2023年第8期17-20,共4页Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation

基　　金：中国当代类型文学海外传播的跨文化性研究,北京交通大学人文社科专项课题(项目编号:2022JBWG010)。

摘　　要：戏剧是以对话为主要表现形式的艺术,通过对话言语描写来展开人物冲突与推进情节发展,对剧本的言语研究有助于更好地解读戏剧人物及人物之间的冲突。该文从语用学研究视角,运用言语行为理论的行事行为维度对《推销员之死》中父亲威利与儿子比夫的对话片段展开行事行为话轮分析,旨在揭示剧中父亲威利与其儿子比夫之间冲突的本质与根源。研究发现,父子对话中批评性传达以及否认性回应等行事行为是构建戏剧人物冲突的主要话轮模式,而行事行为类型中具体的言语内容,更揭示了美国梦的破灭是该戏剧人物之间冲突形成的本质及根源,表现了以威利为代表的普通美国民众对美国梦的物质化与理想化解读。Drama is an art that takes dialogue as its main form of expression.Through the analysis of dialogue speech,the conflict between characters and the development of plot can be unfolded.The study of script speech contributes to better understand the conflict between characters in drama.Aiming at revealing the root of the conflict between the father Willie and his son Biff in the play,this paper,from the perspective of pragmatics,applies the illocutionary act of Speech Act Theory to conduct a turn analysis of the dialogue fragments between father Willie and his son Biff in Death of a Salesman.It is concluded that critical communication and negative response in the father-son dialogue are the main turn-taking patterns to construct the conflict between the characters in the drama.The specific speech content shows that the collapse of the American Dream is the fundamental cause of the conflict between the characters,and demonstrates the materialization and idealistic interpretation of the American Dream by the ordinary American people represented by Willie.

关 键 词：戏剧分析 言语行为理论 行事行为 话轮 《推销员之死》 人物冲突 美国梦 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]