海底天然气水合物及冷泉流体渗漏的原位观测技术  

Explorations of marine gas hydrate deposits and the signatures of hydrocarbon venting using in situ techniques

作　　者：刘莉萍 初凤友 郭磊[3] 李小虎 LIU Liping;CHU Fengyou;GUO Lei;LI Xiaohu(Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Hangzhou 310012,China;Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences,MNR,Hangzhou 310012,China;Institute of Marine Science and Technology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012 [2]自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,浙江杭州310012 [3]山东大学海洋研究院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2023年第1期26-44,共19页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(JB2303);中国大洋协会项目(DY135-N1-1,DY135-N2-1,DY135-N1-1-01)。

摘　　要：海底天然气水合物藏是天然的巨型碳储藏库,是深部甲烷等烃类气体运移至海底过程中暂时的碳储,是地球碳循环过程的重要一环。冷泉通常与海底天然气水合物藏分解密切相关,是深源或浅层气及水合物分解气在海底发生渗漏的现象。该文根据国内外天然气水合物及冷泉系统勘查的最新动向,综述了与水合物及冷泉流体渗漏相关的羽状流、运移通道、海底微地形地貌等要素的海底原位观测技术,主要包括:走航式及坐底式原位观测、海面及低空渗漏甲烷观测、海底可视化观测、与水合物及冷泉相关的海底观测网络等。综合使用原位观测技术可以更细致、全面地描绘水合物和冷泉系统的时空“景象”,更好地协助厘清海底渗漏甲烷的归趋,拓展人类对深海独特生命绿洲的认知。Marine gas hydrate deposits are significant temporal reservoirs for hydrocarbons migrating from deep sources.This is crucial to our understanding of ocean carbon cycling.The cold seep,a geological process regarding gas leakage from deep or shallow sources,is usually linked with gas hydrate decomposition.In this thesis,we reviewed the latest applications of in situ monitoring and detecting methods regarding the leakage plumes,migration pathways,and seafloor geomorphologies associated with gas hydrate and cold seep systems,primarily including vessel-and land-based gas plume measurements,surface ocean-lower atmosphere hydrocarbon emission detections,seafloor visualization techniques,and in situ observation networks.The integrated applications of these in situ observation methods provide a nuanced view of the temporal and spatial variability of hydrate and cold seep systems,facilitate understanding of the fate of hydrocarbons,and expand our knowledge of cold-seep biota in a watery desert.

关 键 词：水合物 冷泉 碳循环 原位探测 海底观测网络 

分 类 号：P744.4[天文地球—海洋科学]