海岸带蓝碳生态系统保护空缺分析——以广东和广西为例  

Conservation gap analysis of coastal blue carbon ecosystems:Taking Guangdong and Guangxi as examples

作　　者：董迪 黄华梅[1,4] 高晴 陈绵润 杨熙[3,6] DONG Di;HUANG Huamei;GAO Qing;CHEN Mianrun;YANG Xi(South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research,SOA,Guangzhou 510300,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies,MNR,Shanghai 201206,China;Key laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application,Guangzhou 510300,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,SOA,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海规划与环境研究院,广东广州510300 [2]自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海201206 [3]自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [4]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458 [5]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434025 [6]国家海洋局南海环境监测中心,广东广州510300

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2023年第1期110-120,共11页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：中国海洋发展基金会项目(CODF-002-ZX-2021);自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金(MEMRT202115);自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室自主设立课题(MESTA-2020-C001,MESTA-2020-C006);广东省林业局2023年度自然资源事务专项资金-生态林业建设(省级组织实施)项目(典型滨海湿地碳储量核查、增汇潜力评估及碳汇交易机制研究)。

摘　　要：红树林、盐沼和海草床被称为三大海岸带蓝碳生态系统,在维持海洋生物多样性、净化水质、营养物质循环以及固碳、储碳等方面发挥重要作用。该研究以蓝碳生态系统分布广泛的广东和广西作为研究区,研究海岸带蓝碳生态系统与海洋生态红线的容斥关系,进而进行海岸带蓝碳生态系统的保护空缺分析,在此基础上提出海洋生态红线外的推荐优先保护区域。该文基于2019年卫星遥感影像、2020年和2021年现场调查和无人机遥感数据,获知广东海岸带蓝碳生态系统总面积为14481.39 hm^(2)(红树林11928.87 hm^(2),盐沼1258.00 hm^(2),海草床1294.52 hm^(2)),广西海岸带蓝碳生态系统总面积为11751.30 hm^(2)(红树林10171.70 hm^(2),盐沼1450.36 hm^(2),海草床129.24 hm^(2))。结果显示,广东海岸带蓝碳生态系统面积的62.13%、广西海岸带蓝碳生态系统面积的59.88%分布在海洋生态红线内。广东红树林、海草床的分布面积和受保护比例均大于广西,盐沼的分布面积和受保护比例均小于广西。广东3种海岸带蓝碳生态系统类型中,有38.16%的盐沼受到保护,85.41%的海草床被纳入保护范围,62.13%的红树林被纳入保护范围。广西3种海岸带蓝碳生态系统类型中,有52.99%的海草床受到保护,盐沼和红树林生态系统受保护的面积比例分别为49.58%和61.44%。研究指出榕木江湾到茅尾海沿岸、铁山港、雷州湾、柘林湾等区域可作为海洋生态红线外海岸带蓝碳生态系统的推荐优先保护区域。Mangroves,salt marshes,and seagrass beds are known as the three major coastal blue carbon ecosystems(CBCEs),which play important roles in marine biodiversity maintenance,water purification,nutrient recycling,carbon sequestration and storage.Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China,where the CBCEs are widely distributed,were selected as the research areas,to investigate the spatial relationship between CBCEs and the marine ecological redlines(MERs).The CBCE conservation gap was analyzed,and the recommended priority conservation areas outside the MERs were proposed.The CBCE distribution data obtained from the satellite images in 2019,combined with field survey and UAV remote sensing data collected during 2020 and 2021 showed that the CBCEs in Guangdong totaled 14481.39 hm^(2)(mangroves 11928.87 hm^(2),salt marshes 1258.00 hm^(2),seagrass beds 1294.52 hm^(2)),whereas the CBCEs in Guangxi totaled 11751.30 hm^(2)(mangroves 10171.70 hm^(2),salt marshes 1450.36 hm^(2),seagrass beds 129.24 hm^(2)).62.13%of the CBCEs in Guangdong and 59.88%in Guangxi were covered by the MERs.The distribution areas and protection ratios of mangroves and seagrass beds in Guangdong were both larger than those in Guangxi,while the distribution area and protection ratio of salt marshes in Guangxi were larger than that in Guangdong.As to the 3 types of CBCEs in Guangdong,62.13%of the mangroves,38.16%of the salt marshes and 85.41%of the seagrass beds were under protection.For the CBCEs in Guangxi,61.44%of the mangroves,49.58%of the salt marshes and 52.99%of the seagrass beds were protected.This research suggests the coast from Rongmujiang Bay to Maowei Sea,the areas of Tieshan Bay,Leizhou Bay,Zhelin Bay and other related locations as the recommended priority conservation areas outside the MERs.

关 键 词：蓝碳生态系统 海洋生态红线 红树林 海草床 盐沼 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]