合成生物学在下一代基因诊断技术中的应用进展  

Synthetic biology for next-generation genetic diagnostics

作　　者：吕海龙 王建 吕浩 王金 徐勇 顾大勇[3] LV Hailong;WANG Jian;LV Hao;WANG Jin;XU Yong;GU Dayong(Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging.School of Biomedical Engineering,School of Medicine,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine,Health Science Center,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China;Department of Laboratory Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China;Department of Neurosurgery,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery,the Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital,First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518037,Guangdong,China;Shanghai Tolo Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学医学部生物医学工程学院,广东省生物医学信息检测与超声成像重点实验室,广东深圳518060 [2]深圳市第二人民医院,深圳市转化医学研究院,广东深圳518035 [3]深圳市第二人民医院检验科,深圳市医学检验分子诊断重点实验室,广东深圳518035 [4]深圳市第二人民医院神经外科,深圳市神经外科重点实验室,广东深圳518037 [5]上海吐露港生物科技有限公司,上海200233

出　　处：《合成生物学》2023年第2期318-332,共15页Synthetic Biology Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0903700和2018YFC0809200);深圳市医疗卫生三名工程(SZSM202011017)。

摘　　要：近年来,合成生物学技术取得了飞速的发展,与此同时也极大地推动了基因诊断领域的技术革新和应用拓展。准确诊断疾病和监测治疗后反应的检测方法对有效的临床管理至关重要,合成生物学作为一门以设计为导向的学科,试图重新设计生物系统,以便以可预测的方式执行新的功能,对这一领域的最新进展进行综述对疾病的预防、预测、诊断、治疗和预后具有重要意义。本文以该主题作为切入点,首先介绍了目前合成生物学在基因诊断中的应用类别,包括已经被开发出来的用于体外和体内的不同生物传感器;随后介绍了下一代基因诊断技术的发展方向以及基因诊断领域的合成生物学装置和技术进展;此外,本文讨论了目前基因诊断领域中存在的技术问题及其在临床应用中面临的挑战。最后,我们提请注意合成生物学中的最新创新,这些创新可能会对基因诊断的未来应用产生重大影响。In recent years,rapid advances have been made for synthetic biology technologies,which contribute greatly to technological innovations and applications in genetic diagnostics.Diagnostic methods for accurate detection of diseases and monitoring treatment responses are essential for effective clinical managements.Synthetic biology seeks to redesign biological systems to perform new functions in a predictable manner.A review on recent advances in synthetic biology as a diagnostic method for accurate detection of diseases and monitoring therapeutic responses is essential for effective clinical management,and also important for prevention,prediction and prognosis of diseases.In this article,we first describes the categories of synthetic biology applications in genetic diagnostics,including different biosensors that have been developed for both in vitro and in vivo monitoring.Subsequently,perspectives of the next generation of genetic diagnostic technologies and progress of synthetic biology devices and technologies in genetic diagnostics are highlighted.In addition,we further address the current technical challenges in genetic diagnostics and clinical applications.Finally,we draw attention to the latest innovations in synthetic biology that may have a significant impact on the future applications of genetic diagnostics.

关 键 词：合成生物学 基因诊断 成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列 转化医学 生物技术 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]