左翼民粹主义是否可行——论拉克劳和齐泽克的民粹主义之争  

Is the Left-wing Populism Feasible-Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's Debate on Populism

作　　者：郑端 Zheng Duan

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（政治学）》2022年第3期80-91,共12页POLITICAL SCIENCE

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“复杂现代性与中国发展之道”(项目批准号:15ZDEB013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：后马克思主义标志人物拉克劳和墨菲的民粹主义理论成为欧洲近十年逐渐兴起的左翼民粹主义背后的理论源泉。但这种反精英、反新自由主义的左翼民粹主义是否能成为有效的激进政治策略依旧存疑。这一提议特别遭到了左翼思想家齐泽克的强烈批评。本文试图通过梳理拉克劳和齐泽克关于民粹主义理论的争论,来揭示左翼民粹主义政治在理论上的可能性和限度:左翼民粹主义能够通过不断构建“人民”概念联合已有的社会斗争,激活左翼政治;但代价却是左翼身份永远悬空,处于一种永恒的身份危机之中。笔者认为,双方的根本差异源于对于资本主义、民主和左翼政治完全不同的理解,双方的政治策略都是在难以给出资本主义替代选项下的无奈之举。Post-Marxist theorists Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe have been the theoretical figurehead behind the rise of Left-wing populism in Europe in the past ten years.However,the viability of a Left-wing populism produced heated debates among journalists and academies alike.One of the most prominent critics of the left-populism project is Slovenian left-wing thinker Salvoj Zizek.This article traces the debate on populism between Laclau and Zizek after the Laclau's publication of On populist reason,to llustrate the possibility and internal limits of left-wing populist politics.This paper argues that left-wing populism can be a viable strategy to articulate existing social struggles to reenergize left-wing polities.However what is at stake is that by adopting populism,the left-wing identity would be unstable,vulnerable to an eternal identity crisis.The different views on populism between Laclau and Zizek thus resulted from their totally different understandings of capitalism,democracy and lef-wing politics.However,their discussions revealed a resignation of failure to provide alternatives to the capitalist system.

关 键 词：民粹主义 后马克思主义 拉克劳 齐泽克 左翼激进政治 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]