梅洛-庞蒂的实践自我意识——《知觉现象学》中的基础主体性理论  

Merleau-Ponty's Practical Self-Consciousness:On the Conception of Fundamental Subjectivity in the Phenomenologie de la perception

作　　者：刘哲 Liu Zhe

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国哲学研究所 [2]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（外国哲学）》2023年第4期49-60,共12页FOREIGN PHILOSOPHY

基　　金：2019年入选文化名家暨“四个一批”人才自主选题资助项目阶段性成果。

摘　　要：意义与规范性关系问题是当代分析哲学和现象学共同关注的核心哲学论题之一。在《知觉现象学》中,梅洛-庞蒂不仅把原初的意义规范界定为前对象的“世界风格”,而且最终把意义规范性之根源建立在其独创的具身化先验主体性中。通过分析梅洛-庞蒂具体化实践自我意识的内在意识结构,本文试图阐明具身化先验主体性作为前对象规范性先验终极根源的含义。我们将展示,梅洛-庞蒂的具体化实践自我意识不仅包含主体性自我对自身生命自由的自我断定,而且还要通过主体性自我的“世界筹划”把自由生命的无限自我超越纳入意识的确定内容之中。由此,世界的规范性成为先验主体性的内在构成条件。在梅洛-庞蒂的先验现象学中,作为前对象规范性根源的先验主体性并不是世界意义的先天构建者,而是世界规范性的回应者。The connection of normativity and meaning has become one of the major issues widely debated both in contemporary analytic and phenomenological philosophies in the past decades.In the Phenomenologie de la perception,Merleau-Ponty not only characterizes the normative nature of pre-objective meaning in terms of the"world's style,"but also grounds the ultimate source of such normativity in his innovative conception of an embodied transcendental subjectivity.This article aims to make clear to what extent an embodied transcendental subjectivity can fundamentally ground the normativity of the primordial meaning of the world.To this end,this article argumentatively analyzes Merleau-Ponty's notion of concrete practical self-consciousness with respect to its inner structure of consciousness.It shows that Merleau-Ponty's concrete practical self-consciousness involves a self-affirmation of the freedom of life,on the one hand,and that,for the possibility of self-consciousness,such infinite self-transcendence of free life must be brought into consciousness in a determinate manner,on the other.The"world's style"is then explicated as a necessary and constitutive condition for the possibility of the concrete practical self-consciousness.This article finally argues that,as the ultimate transcendental source of primordial normativity,Merleau-Ponty's transcendental subjectivity is not meant to be an author of but meant to be a response to the normativity of the world.

关 键 词：自我意识 主体性 知觉 行动 规范性 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]