我国民事损害赔偿额确定的实证考察与路径完善——基于530份损害赔偿额确定的司法案例分析  

Empirical Study and Analysis on the Determination of the Amount of Civil Damages in China:Analysis of 530 Judicial Cases of Determination of Damage Compensation

作　　者：阮崇翔 RUAN Chongxiang(Henan Provincial CPC Party School,Zhengzhou 451000,China)

机构地区：[1]中共河南省委党校,河南郑州451000

出　　处：《郑州航空工业管理学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期34-42,104,共10页Journal of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(17YJA820017);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学研究优秀学者资助项目(2019-YXXZ-17)。

摘　　要：基于2016—2020年有关民事损害赔偿额确定的裁判文书的整理与归纳,发现我国民事实体法已经能够为法院确定损害赔偿额提供准确的法律依据与算法规则。然而,民事损害赔偿额的确定在司法实践中仍然存在上诉率过高、法官肆意酌定损害赔偿额等情况。通过对裁判文书的总结、分析,发现相关问题成因的根源具有一致性,大致可概括为规则层面的缺失、法官自由裁量权的滥用以及受害人举证责任被消解几个方面。仅对我国现有损害赔偿额的相关规定进行修补,难以从根源上应对司法实践中的种种问题,在民事诉讼法律体系中建立损害赔偿额酌定制度成为化解民事损害赔偿额确定困境的最优路径。Based on the collation and conclusion of the judgment documents related to the determination of the amount of civil damage compensation between 2016 and 2020,part of China's civil substantive law has been able to provide accurate legal basis and calculation rules for the court to determine the amount of damages.However,there are still some problems in judicial practice,such as high appeal rate,and judge's non-standard application of the discretionary factors in determining the amount of damages.Through the summary and analysis of the judgment documents,the causes of the problems in judicial practice are the same,which can be roughly summarized as the lack of rules,the abuse of the judge's discretion and the elimination of victim's burden of proof.Amendment to the present law related to the determination of the amount of civil damage compensation is insufficient to fundamentally cope with a variety of problems in judicial practice.The optimal solution to the determination of the amount of civil damage compensation is to establish a damage compensation discretion system in civil procedure law.

关 键 词：民事损害赔偿 损害赔偿额 实证考察 司法案例分析 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]