不同氮素水平对干旱地区冬小麦光合生理、抗氧化特性及籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on the Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Characteristics and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat Planted in an Arid Area

作　　者：党林学 田甜 韩凡莉 李军[1] 杨永军 张增喜[1] 陈涛 杨德龙[2] DANG Linxue;TIAN Tian;HAN Fanli;LI Jun;YANG Yongjun;ZHANG Zengxi;CHEN Tao;YANG Delong(Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhuanglang County,Zhuanglang 744699,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]庄浪县农业技术推广中心,甘肃庄浪744699 [2]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2023年第2期7-14,20,共9页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省农业重点研发计划(21YF5NA089);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划(2022CYZC-44);甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021B-125)。

摘　　要：为研究不同施氮量对冬小麦旗叶生理性状和产量的影响,以小麦品种庄浪13为材料,通过设置0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^(2)5个氮素水平,测定不同施氮量下小麦花后旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化物质以及穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和籽粒产量等。结果表明,在适当范围内施氮量增加可以提高小麦的叶绿素含量、光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性、穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和籽粒产量,降低叶绿素a/b比值(Chl a/b)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。通过相关性分析可知,气孔导度(G_(s))和实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))与小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和籽粒产量呈显著正相关,相关系数较高(r=0.82~0.86)。在本试验条件下,当施氮量为225 kg/hm^(2)时,小麦穗数与不施氮相比增加41.29%,穗粒数增加46.09%,千粒质量增加33.43%,籽粒产量增加58.68%。因此,施氮量225 kg/hm2是提高旱地冬小麦产量的最适水平。In order to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen(N)application rates on the physiological traits of the flag leaf and yield of winter wheat,a field trial was carried out at Nanhu Experimental Station of Zhuanglang County from October 2020 to July 2021,using the wheat variety Zhuanglang 13 as the plant material.Five treatments with the N application rates at 0,75,150,225,and 300 kg/hm^(2) were set,which were compared in the physiological traits(chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and antioxidants)of wheat flag leaf after anthesis,yield components(spike number,spike grain number,thousand-grain weight),and grain yield.The results showed that increasing N application rate in the certain range elevated chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,antioxidant enzyme activity,spike number,grain number per spike,thousand-grain weight,and grain yield;and decreased chlorophyll a/b ratio(Chl a/b),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in wheat.Stomatal conductance(G_(s))and photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ))showed significant positive correlations with each of the yield components with high correlation coefficients(r=0.82-0.86).Moreover,the study showed that the yield-related traits increased by 33.43%(1000-grain mass)、58.68%(grain yield)in the treatment with the N application rate at 225 kg/hm^(2) compared with the control without N application;therefore,the N application rate at 225 kg/hm^(2) is optimum for improving the yield of winter wheat planted in the arid area.This study lays a foundation for the appropriate management of N fertilizer in winter wheat production in arid areas of Northwest China.

关 键 词：小麦 氮素 光合生理 抗氧化物质 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]