众包在证据合成中的实践应用研究——以Cochrane Crowd公民科学项目中的众包应用为例  

Applications of Crowdsourcing in Evidence Synthesis:A Case Study of Cochrane Crowd

作　　者：李晓 曲建升 寇蕾蕾 LI Xiao;QU Jiansheng;KOU Leilei(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000;Department of Library Information and Archives Management,School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Chengdu Library and Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041;Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Human Environment Research Center,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院图书情报与档案管理系,北京100049 [3]中国科学院成都文献情报中心,成都610041 [4]兰州大学青藏高原人文环境研究中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《农业图书情报学报》2023年第2期95-104,共10页Journal of Library and Information Science in Agriculture

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)“丝路环境科技态势监测分析与知识集成服务”(XDA2010030802)。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]证据生成的及时性对于循证决策至关重要,而目前证据合成的效率通常不能满足决策者的需求。众包被认为是一种可以提高证据合成生产效率的潜在方法。本研究以Cochrane Crowd公民科学项目中的众包应用为例,总结众包在证据合成中的实践应用。[方法/过程]采用文献调研、网络调查、案例分析等方法,从众包者、志愿者、众包任务、Cochrane Crowd平台、质量评估5个维度分析了众包在Cochrane Crowd公民科学项目中的应用机制。[结果/结论]通过设置明确目标、激励措施、清晰任务,提供全面培训和适当的质量控制机制,可以应用众包为证据合成输出高质量结果。为未来针对不同领域证据合成中应用众包以及在证据合成的不同阶段使用众包的进一步研究提供参考。[Purpose/Significance]Evidence-informed decision-making is a means to bridge the gap between research and policy and evidence synthesis has become an important tool for evidence-based decision-making in many fields.However,evidence synthesis is resource-intensive,especially when it comes to scientific knowledge on complex issues.The efficiency of evidence synthesis currently cannot meet the needs of decision makers.Crowdsourcing is seen as a potential way to improve the productivity of evidence synthesis.At present,the research and practice on the applications of crowdsourcing in evidence synthesis is still in its infancy.This study takes the application of crowdsourcing in the Cochrane Crowd citizen science project as an example to summarize the practical applications of crowdsourcing in evidence synthesis.The comprehensive analysis of the application mechanism of crowdsourcing in Cochrane Crowd project will provide certain reference and inspiration for the use of crowdsourcing in evidence synthesis,so as to improve the production efficiency of evidence synthesis and provide timely and powerful scientific information for evidence-based decision-making.[Method/Process]The application mechanism of crowdsourcing in the Cochrane Crowd citizen science project was analyzed from five dimensions:crowdsourcer,volunteers,crowdsourcing task,Cochrane Crowd platform and effectiveness evaluation,using literature research,network investigation,case analysis and other methods.Cochrane Crowd provides an easy-to-use interface for contributors to engage volunteers to participate and design,in addition to task-focused learning activities,diverse ways of accessing tasks,interactive online training modules and feedback mechanisms to improve the likelihood of volunteers'performing tasks correctly.At the same time,an agreement algorithm is provided at the platform level to aggregate the crowd classification results,which further improves the possibility of correct classification of records.In addition,the platform has used the records

关 键 词：证据合成 众包 Cochrane Crowd 循证研究 

分 类 号：G254[文化科学—图书馆学]