市场化进程、机会不平等与“收入-幸福悖论”  

Beyond Easterlin Paradox: Transition of Marketization and Inequality of Opportunity

作　　者：马汴京 吴佳皓 Ma Bianjing;Wu Jiahao(School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Finance&Economics,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学经济学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2023年第5期55-63,158,共10页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“高校扩招对大学毕业生主观福利异质性干预效应研究”(71703144)。

摘　　要：本文在广阔的制度变迁背景下重新审视中国“收入-幸福悖论”的发生机制。“收入-幸福悖论”即经济增长与国民幸福感停滞不前并存的现象在中国已初现端倪,是新时代推进共同富裕的突出障碍。现有研究通常假定某种中间变量“作祟”才导致该悖论出现。本文提出市场化改革是中国经济增长与国民幸福感停滞的共同原因。市场化改革提高了人均收入的同时使“才能+努力=成功”绩效主义和机会平等理念深入人心。然而,上述理念盛行并不能自动根除现实中的机会不平等。当高涨的绩效主义预期遇上收入机会不平等加剧的社会现实,人们将产生相对剥夺感进而降低了幸福感。本文为上述假说提供了经验证据,为破解我国“收入-幸福悖论”和实现共同富裕提供了新思路。This paper re-examines the mechanism of China’s“income-happiness paradox”in the context of broad institutional changes.The paradox,that is,the coexistence of economic growth and the stagnation of national happiness,has begun to take shape in China and is a prominent obstacle to promoting common prosperity in the new era.Existing research usually assumes that a certain intermediate variable“plays a role”in leading to the emergence of this paradox.This paper proposes that market-oriented reform is a common reason for the stagnation of China’s economic growth and national happiness.The market-oriented reform has increased per capita income while also deeply ingrained the meritocracy and equal opportunity concepts of“talent+effort=success”in people’s hearts.However,the prevalence of the above concepts does not automatically eradicate inequality of opportunity in reality.When high meritocracy expectations encounter the social reality of increasing income inequality of opportunity,people will experience a sense of relative deprivation,which in turn reduces their sense of happiness.This paper provides empirical evidence for the above hypothesis and new ideas for solving the“income-happiness paradox”and realizing common prosperity in China.

关 键 词：市场化进程 绩效主义 机会不平等 幸福感 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学] F124[政治法律—中外政治制度]