人类辅助生殖中医疗机构侵害生育权的样态与责任  

The Situation and Responsibility of Medical Institutions Infringing on Reproductive Rights in Assisted Reproductive

作　　者：李倩 LI Qian(Faculty of Law,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学法学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2023年第4期419-427,共9页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：2021年度云南省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“民法典视域下人类辅助生殖的私法秩序建构”(QN202118);2021年度云南省教育厅科学研究基金(人文社科类)项目“民法典时代云南省家庭教育地方立法研究”(2021J0078)。

摘　　要：在生育权纠纷领域,继产前诊断失误引发的错误出生诉讼之后,新兴的人类辅助生殖技术运用过错导致的生育权诉讼已较为典型。医疗机构因过失而丢失、毁损、错植配子或体外胚胎等行为构成对患者夫妇生育权的侵害,应承担相应的损害赔偿责任。在体外胚胎冷冻保存期间,若作为配子供体的夫妻一方亡故,生存的另一方有权行使生育权,对于医疗机构拒绝将冷冻胚胎交由生存的一方处置的行为,有权要求医疗机构排除妨碍。对于医疗机构故意销毁冷冻胚胎的行为,患者有权要求医疗机构承担损害赔偿责任。In the field of reproductive rights disputes,following the wrong birth litigation caused by prenatal diagnosis errors,the emerging reproductive rights litigation caused by the fault of human assisted reproductive technology has become more typical.Medical institutions shall bear the corresponding liability for compensation for loss,damage,wrong implantation of gametes or embryos in vitro due to its negligence,which constitutes an infringement on the reproductive rights of patients and spouses.During cryopreservation of embryo in vitro,if one of the couple of the gamete donor dies,the surviving spouse has the right to exercise the reproductive right.The surviving spouse has the right to ask the medical institution to remove the obstacles for the behavior that the medical institution refuses to hand over the frozen embryos to the surviving spouse.For the deliberate destruction of frozen embryos by medical institutions,patients have the right to ask medical institutions to bear the liability for damages.

关 键 词：生育权 人工生殖 冷冻胚胎 过失侵权 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]