清谈与感兴  

Impractical Talking and Inspiration

作　　者：袁济喜[1] Yuan Jixi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期59-68,228,共11页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“魏晋重大事件与文学思潮研究”(22BZW014)。

摘　　要：清谈与感兴是汉魏以来的士人生活中的重要内容,二者之间存在着内在的联系。这种联系起源于东汉晚期的清议活动,人物品评中渗入了浓烈的道德与审美的因素,通过感兴来概括人物品性,即景生发的情形大量出现。正始之后,清谈趋于玄虚,引发了玄学的兴盛,东晋时期褪去政治功利性,审美游戏的成分增强,文艺作品是人物心志的写照,对人物的批评与文艺作品批评相联系,清谈影响到文学创作领域。魏晋之际,清谈与感兴的结合也出现了新的变化,呈现出两极互动的趋势,既深化了人物批评的蕴涵,又将人物批评升华为玄学的义理,这与特定年代的士大夫心志与时势有着直接的关系。东晋永和九年王羲之发起的兰亭雅集,即是清谈言咏与感兴的结合。从这个角度去解析兰亭诗会及其作品是大有裨益的。Impractical talking and inspiration have been important contents in the life of scholars since the Han and Wei dynasties, and there was an internal relationship between them. This kind of connection originated from the political criticism by scholars in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Strong moral and aesthetic factors were infiltrated into the character evaluation, and the character was thus summarized through inspiration,and there were a large number of extemporaneous situations. After the Zhengshi period( 240-249),impractical talking tended to be mysterious, which led to the prosperity of metaphysics. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, political utilitarianism faded, and the elements of aesthetic games increased. Literary works were the portrayal of the minds of characters. Criticism of characters was related to the that of literary works, and impractical talking thus affected the field of literary creation. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, new changes also occurred in the combination of talking and feeling, showing a trend of bipolar interaction, which not only deepened the implication of character criticism, but also upgraded character criticism to metaphysics,which had a direct relationship with the aspirations of scholar bureaucrats in a specific era and the current situation. The Lanting elegant collection initiated by Wang Xizhi in the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the combination of impractical talking and inspiration. It was of great benefit to analyze the Lanting poetry club and its works from this perspective.

关 键 词：清谈 感兴 汉魏士风 兰亭诗会 魏晋风度 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]