灾异政治与汉唐“冬无雪”史料的文本反思  

“Winter Without Snow” and Reflection on the Meteorological Historical Data in the Han and Tang Dynasties

作　　者：闵祥鹏[1] Min Xiangpeng

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心,开封475001

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期78-88,229,共12页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“石刻史料所见汉唐黄河流域灾难观念与国家应对”(19YJA770011);国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历史上的灾害与国家治理能力建设研究”(20&ZD225)。

摘　　要：“冬无雪”是反映暖冬或气候干旱的典型现象。汉代记载较少,唐代明显增多,该变化一直被部分学者视为汉唐气候变迁的重要证据。但实际上,“冬无雪”记载的变化还与汉唐农业种植结构调整和天人感应灾异思想兴起的社会背景相关。尤其是西汉后期,宿麦的推广使“冬无雪”成为影响作物越冬的重要灾异现象。在天人感应思想下,“冬无雪”又沦为灾异天谴的外在形式,被赋予更多的政治意蕴、思想内涵与文化表征,并伴随史书记录灾异功能的强化而被逐渐重视。所以分析汉唐“冬无雪”等气象史料,应从气候变迁的单一视角,转向对史料所蕴含的历史问题、社会现象与文化内涵的多维解读,以重新认识其文本指向与文本价值。“Winter without Snow” is a typical phenomenon reflecting warm winters or arid climates. There are few records in the Han Dynasty and significantly more in the Tang Dynasty, and this change has been regarded by scholars like Zhu Kezhen as important evidence of climate change in the Han and Tang dynasties. But in fact, the changes recorded in “ Winter without Snow” are also related to the social background of the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the Han and Tang dynasties and the rise of the idea of natural and human sense of disaster. Especially in the late Western Han Dynasty, the promotion of cedar made“Winter without Snow” an important catastrophic phenomenon affecting crop wintering. Under the idea of heaven and man, “Winter without Snow” has been reduced to an external form of catastrophe, which has been given more political meaning, ideological connotation and cultural representation, and has been gradually paid attention to the strengthening of the function of historical records of disasters. Therefore, the analysis of meteorological historical materials such as “Winter without Snow” in the Han and Tang dynasties should shift from the single perspective of climate change to a multi-dimensional interpretation of historical issues, social phenomena and cultural connotations contained in historical materials, so as to re-understand their textual orientation and textual value.

关 键 词：“冬无雪” 灾害史 政治史 文化史 汉唐 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K23[政治法律—中外政治制度]