水适宜摄入量的研究现状及展望  

ADEQUATE INTAKE FOR WATER:CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECT

作　　者：张娜[1,2,3] 马冠生 ZHANG Na;MA Guan-sheng(Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191;Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety,Peking University,Beijing 100191;China-DRIs Expert Committee on Water and Fiber,Peking University,Beijing100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191 [2]食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室,北京100191 [3]中国营养学会DRIs修订专家委员会水和膳食纤维组,北京100191

出　　处：《营养学报》2023年第1期15-20,共6页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

基　　金：中国营养学会DRIs修订专项基金。

摘　　要：水是地球上最常见的物质之一,是包括人类在内所有生命生存不可缺少的资源,在体内发挥着重要的生理功能。通常情况下,人体内水分维持动态平衡状态。当人体摄入水分过少或过多时,水合状态会发生改变,脱水或过水合状态危害机体健康。因此,有必要研究提出人群水摄入量参考值。由于饮水行为与健康的研究有限,在制定水摄入量参考值时,只能制定水适宜摄入量。水适宜摄入量制定的方法主要有三种:(1)根据能量消耗与水代谢的关系计算每日水需要量;(2)根据水丢失量计算每日水需要量;(3)根据观察或实验获得健康群体水摄入量。目前,已有15个国际组织/国家制定了人群水适宜摄入量。1989年、1997年《中国居民膳食指南》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2000)》均没有提出我国居民水适宜摄入量,建议参考美国提出的参考值。但机体水需要量受到多种因素的影响,需结合我国居民和环境等情况,制定适合本国居民的水适宜摄入量。《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》中建议在温和气候条件下生活的、从事轻体力活动的成年人每日至少饮水1200 ml。随着我国居民饮水调查的开展和数据的积累,2013年,在已有的人群水摄入量调查数据的基础上,推荐温和气候条件下轻身体活动水平的成年男性和女性水适宜摄入量分别为1.7 L和1.5 L,并参考科学方法制定了不同生理阶段居民的水适宜摄入量。水相关研究偏少,仍需开展更多水适宜摄入量研究,探索水丢失量,积累不同季节、不同环境、特殊生理阶段、不同职业人群的饮水数据,分析饮水与健康的关系和影响机制,从改善居民水合状态以及疾病预防的角度不断更新和制定我国居民适宜水摄入量。Water,one of the most common substances on earth,is essential for life.Water plays important physiological functions in the body.Generally,water in the human body maintains a dynamic balance.When the human body takes in insufficient or excess water,the hydration state will change.Both dehydration and hyperhydration state are harmful to human health.Therefore,it is necessary to put forward the reference intake value for water.Due to the limited data on water intake behavior and health,only the adequate intake for water can be set.There are three main methods to establish the adequate intake for water:(1)calculate the daily water requirements according to the relationship between energy consumption and water metabolism;(2)calculate the daily water requirements according to the water loss;(3)Obtain the data on water intake of healthy people according to observations or experiments.At present,15 international organizations/countries have formulated the adequate water intake.Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents in 1989 and 1997 and Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(2000)did not put forward the adequate water intake for Chinese residents.The recommended dietary allowance for water proposed by American was referred.However,the body water requirements are affected by many factors.It is necessary to formulate the adequate water intake for Chinese residents based on Chinese data.Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2007)recommended that adults living in mild climate and engaged in light level of physical activities should drink at least 1200 ml of water a day.With the conduction of water intake survey in China and the accumulation of data on water intake,it was recommended in 2013 that the adequate water intake of adult men and women with light physical activity level under mild climate conditions were 1.7 L and 1.5 L respectively,and the adequate water intake at different physiological stages was formulated based on scientific methods.There are still few water-related studies,so it is necessary to carry out more r

关 键 词：水 适宜摄入量 膳食营养素摄入量参考值 水合状态 脱水 

分 类 号：R151.4[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]