历史城市减灾能力建设与遗产保护——日本京都城市韧性策略与启示  

Capacity Building for Disaster Mitigation and Heritage Protection of Historic Cities:Analysis and Inspiration of the Urban Resilience Strategy of Kyoto,Japan

作　　者：刘一勍 曹磊 韩轶群 Liu Yiqing;Cao Lei;Han Yiqun(Department of Landscape Architecture,School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院风景园林系,天津300072

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2023年第2期87-94,共8页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：日益频繁的灾害风险与衍生危机使得历史城市既要面临愈加复杂的孕灾环境变化,又需承担灾害多样化而日益增长的不确定性。在此背景下,传统遗产保护方法适应性不足的缺点逐渐暴露,转变保护思路迫在眉睫。本文以日本京都为例,分析了京都在文化遗产保护方面由传统的结构性保护措施和完善的立法政策,逐步扩展为有形文化遗产的整体性保护、无形文化遗产的活化利用保护,以及应对环境变化与不确定性的韧性策略发展。韧性理念旨在适应性保护与良性利用中寻求文化遗产的活化机会,以形成保护文化遗产价值、追求城市可持续发展、适应性应对灾害冲击的平衡关系。借鉴京都的韧性发展经验,为我国历史城市在平衡可持续发展与遗产保护的困境中提供实践新思路,以适应性调整保护政策、促进民众共同参与、良性规划与利用历史街区资源等手段实现历史城市韧性保护新路径。Urban heritage has undergone severe threats from inevitable development pressure and disaster risks.The traditional mindset of disaster mitigation focuses on protecting historic sites from direct damage by disasters,which includes legal protection and strengthened structural measures based on prevention.However,increasing disaster risks and derivative crises make historic cities face an increasingly complex change in disaster formative environments and undertake a growing uncertainty of various disasters.In this context,it exposes a deficiency of lacking adaptability of traditional approaches to heritage protection and requires an urgent change in protection ideas.With the case study of Kyoto of Japan,this paper summarizes the changes in law and policy of cultural heritage protection in historic cities in Japan,discusses the dilemma and challenge of historic cities under the dual pressure of disaster mitigation and development,and introduces the concept of resilience to be a breakthrough for changes in protection ideas and strategy formulation.Firstly,it analyzes the dilemma of heritage protection in historic cities and summarizes it into four aspects.In the natural aspect,large-scale natural disasters are destructive to sites of historic cities.In the social aspect,insufficient demographic vitality inhibits the long-term development of historic cities.In the cultural heritage aspect,urbanization and lifestyle evolution limit the revitalization and utilization of cultural heritage.In the environmental aspect,the ecological decline along with urbanization increases the difficulty of heritage protection.Secondly,it demonstrates the resilience framework of Kyoto in the three parts of theory,methodology,and strategy.Revolving around historical and cultural heritage,the resilience strategy of Kyoto protects native species and environments to address ecological problems,develops cultural and art industries to pass on intangible cultural heritage,and preserves historic district landscape and cultural identities to foste

关 键 词：历史城市 遗产保护 韧性策略 可持续发展 京都 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]