基于类囊体膜的光能利用和光动力学治疗  

Utilization of light energy and photodynamic therapy based on thylakoid membranes

作　　者：赵雪桐 朱华伟[2] 张延平[2] 李寅[2] Xuetong Zhao;Huawei Zhu;Yanping Zhang;Yin Li(The Division of Life Sciences and Medicine of the University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China;Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部,合肥230027 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所,中国科学院微生物生理与代谢工程重点实验室,微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第10期1203-1216,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32201194,22072180);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDPB18);中国博士后科学基金(BX20220333,2022M710161)资助。

摘　　要：类囊体膜由光合色素、脂类和蛋白质组成,是绿色植物、真核藻类与蓝藻进行光合作用光反应的主要场所.光反应包括水的光解和光合电子传递两个核心过程,前者将光能转化为电子,后者将电子转化为活跃化学能.光反应中的电子传递和氧化还原特性使得类囊体膜可以被应用于生物光电化学和生物光电催化两种光能利用系统.基于类囊体膜的光能利用系统不仅具有材料可再生和低碳绿色等优势,而且具有比完整光合细胞更高的能量效率.同时,类囊体膜中含有光敏剂叶绿素,并具有光合放氧特性和过氧化氢酶活性,使其可以应用于肿瘤的光动力学治疗.本文系统地总结了近年来类囊体膜在这些领域中应用的最新进展,重点介绍了类囊体膜在这3个领域的应用形式和作用机制,讨论了类囊体膜在应用过程中面临的问题与挑战,并对未来研究方向进行了展望.The thylakoid membrane,which contains photosynthetic pigments,lipids and proteins,is the main site where the photosynthetic light reaction of green plants,eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria occurs.Water photolysis and photosynthetic electron transport are two core processes of the light reaction.The former is responsible for converting photons into electrons,and the latter then condenses the energy from the high-potential electrons into energy carriers such as adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH).Due to the electron transport and energy conversion properties of the light reaction,thylakoid membrane can be used in biophotoelectrochemical and biophotoelectrocatalytic systems.Biophotoelectrochemical systems refer to direct or indirect extraction of electrons from the photosynthetic electron transfer chain(PETC)of the thylakoid membrane and transfer the electrons into an external electrode,eventually converting light energy into electric current.Biophotoelectrocatalytic systems refer to the use of ATP and NADPH generated in the light reaction of the thylakoid membrane to drive a series of ATP-or NADPHdependent biocatalytic reactions.These thylakoid membrane-based light energy utilization systems are featured with material renewability and environmental compatibility.In addition,they show higher energy efficiency than that of the whole photosynthetic-cell systems.Furthermore,thylakoid membranes also hold clear advantages over sub-cellular photosystems,including retention of photosynthetic complexes in their natural environment and relatively simple and fast procedures for their extraction and purification.For biophotoelectrochemical systems,scientists have optimized the electron transfer between the thylakoid membrane and electrode,for example by developing different immobilization methods,or modifying electrode surface with redox polymers and nanomaterials.As an effective platform for cofactor regeneration,the thylakoid membrane-based biophotoelectrocatalytic syste

关 键 词：类囊体膜 生物光电化学系统 生物光电催化系统 光动力学治疗 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]