饲养密度对新西兰白兔生长性能、行为、免疫器官指数和血清抗氧化指标的影响  

Effects of stocking density on the growth performance,behavior,immune organ index and antioxidant index of New Zealand white rabbits

作　　者：李彦杰[1] 祁海艳 宋文超[2] 周清波[2] 王长平[2] 张向宇[3] 肖子淳 LI Yanjie;QI Haiyan;SONG Wenchao;ZHOU Qingbo;WANG Changping;ZHANG Xiangyu;XIAO Zichun(Laboratory Animal Center of Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,China;School of Life Sciences of Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,China;School of Pharmacy of Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学实验动物中心,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]佳木斯大学生命科学学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [3]佳木斯大学药学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2023年第4期35-40,共6页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(2021-KYYWF-0566)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探讨饲养密度对家兔生长性能、行为方式、免疫器官指数和血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选取35日龄体重相近(943.86±51.13)g,健康的雄性新西兰白兔120只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复(笼),即Ⅰ组每个重复(笼)2只(5只/m^(2))、Ⅱ组每个重复(笼)4只(10只/m^(2))、Ⅲ组每个重复(笼)6只(15只/m^(2))、Ⅳ组每个重复(笼)8只(20只/m^(2))。预饲期5 d,试验期35 d。结果显示:在生长性能方面,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组家兔的末重和平均日增重显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),且极显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.01),Ⅲ组的末重和平均日增重显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05);平均日采食量Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组极显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),Ⅲ组高于Ⅳ组(P<0.01)。在趴卧行为发生率方面,家兔的趴卧行为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组极显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),Ⅲ组极显著低于Ⅳ组(P<0.01);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的运动和站立行为发生率差异均不显著(P>0.05),其余各组之间差异均极显著(P<0.01);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的采食行为发生率均极显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.01);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的修饰行为发生率极显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.01),而啃咬行为发生率则显著低于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。在免疫器官指数方面,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组家兔的脾脏指数显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05),胸腺指数均显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。在血清抗氧化能力方面,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组家兔的血清T-AOC浓度和SOD活性均显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血清中MDA含量均显著低于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,适当降低饲养密度能够改善家兔的生长性能和行为状态,提高其免疫和抗氧化能力,在考虑饲养笼具利用率的基础上,以Ⅱ组4只/笼(10只/m^(2))的饲养密度效果最佳。This study was to investigate the effects of stocking density on the growth performance,behavior index,immune organ index and serum antioxidant index of rabbits.A total of 12035-day-old healthy male New Zealand white rabbits of similar body weight(943.86±51.13)g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group.That is,there were 2 cages per replicate(5/m^(2))in Group Ⅰ,4 cages per replicate(10/m^(2))in Group Ⅱ,6 cages per replicate(15/m^(2))in Group Ⅲ and 8 cages per replicate(20/m^(2))in Group Ⅳ.The pre-feeding period lasted for 5 days and the experimental stage for 35 days.The results showed that,in terms of growth performance,the final weight and average daily gain in Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than that in Group Ⅲ(P<0.05),and extremely significantly higher than that in Group Ⅳ(P<0.01).The final weight and average daily gain in Group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in Group Ⅳ(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake in Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that in Group Ⅲ(P<0.01),and that in Group Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in Group Ⅳ(P<0.01).In terms of the incidence of recumbent behavior indexes,those of the rabbits in Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly lower than those in Group Ⅲ(P<0.01),and those in Group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in Group Ⅳ(P<0.01).There were no significant difference in the incidence of movement and standing behavior between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ(P>0.05),while there were extremely significant differences among the other groups(P<0.01).The incidence of feeding behavior of Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of Groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.01).The incidence of modification behavior of Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of Groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.01),but the incidence of bite behavior was significantly lower(P<0.05).In terms of immune organ indexes,the spleen index of the rabbits in Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher th

关 键 词：新西兰白兔 饲养密度 生长性能 行为 免疫器官指数 抗氧化 

分 类 号：S829.1[农业科学—畜牧学]