饲粮添加不同水平维生素A向鸡蛋中富集规律的研究  

Study on Enrichment Rule of Dietary Vitamin A with Different Levels in Eggs

作　　者：杜利红 杨悠悠 苗启翔 赵青余[1,2] 汤超华 余雅男 秦玉昌 张军民[1,2] DU Lihong;YANG Youyou;MIAO Qixiang;ZHAO Qingyu;TANG Chaohua;YU Yanan;QIN Yuchang;ZHANG Junmin(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,农业农村部华北动物遗传资源与营养科学观测实验站,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第4期2276-2285,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家蛋鸡产业技术体系(CARS-40-K11);家禽产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC06-2022-G05);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-XTCX20190025-8,ASTIP-IAS-12)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和鸡蛋中维生素A存在形态、形态占比及总量与饲粮维生素A关系的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选取44周龄、体重和产蛋率接近的海兰褐蛋鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只鸡。5组饲粮中维生素A添加水平分别为2000、4000、8000、16000和32000 IU/kg。预试期1周,正试验14周。结果表明:1)在饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对蛋鸡的生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)随着饲粮中维生素A添加水平的升高,蛋黄颜色线性降低(P<0.05),鸡蛋中叶黄素含量线性降低(P<0.05),其中16000和32000 IU/kg维生素A组鸡蛋中叶黄素含量显著低于2000和4000 IU/kg维生素A组(P<0.05),且32000 IU/kg维生素A组鸡蛋中叶黄素含量显著低于8000 IU/kg维生素A组(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮中维生素A添加水平的升高,每枚鸡蛋中维生素A总量线性升高(P<0.05),且在32000 IU/kg维生素A组中达到最高值,与2000 IU/kg维生素A组相比提高了0.8倍,差异显著(P<0.05)。4)鸡蛋中检测到3种维生素A形态,分别为视黄醇、视黄醇棕榈酸酯和视黄醇硬脂酸酯,其中视黄醇为鸡蛋维生素A的主要形态,占维生素A总量的63.31%~72.85%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响,但会降低蛋黄颜色,显著提高鸡蛋中维生素A总量,实现维生素A在鸡蛋中的富集。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary levels of vitamin A on performance,egg quality,the relationship between the presence form,form proportion and total vitamin A content in eggs and dietary vitamin A of laying hens.A total of 600 Hy-Line brown laying hens aged at 44 weeks with similar body weight and laying rate were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate in a single-factor experimental design.The dietary vitamin A levels in the 5 groups were 2000,4000,8000,16000 and 32000 IU/kg,respectively.The pre-trial period was 1 week,and the trial period was 14 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)different dietary levels of vitamin A had no significant effects on performance of laying hens(P>0.05).2)With the increase of dietary vitamin A level,the yolk color was linearly decreased(P<0.05),and the lutein content in eggs was linearly decreased(P<0.05).The lutein content in eggs in 16000 and 32000 IU/kg vitamin A groups was significantly lower than that in 2000 and 4000 IU/kg vitamin A groups(P<0.05),and the lutein content in eggs in 32000 IU/kg vitamin A group was significantly lower than that in 8000 IU/kg vitamin A group(P<0.05).3)With the increase of dietary vitamin A level,the total vitamin A content per egg was linearly increased(P<0.05),and reached the highest value in 32000 IU/kg vitamin A group,which was 0.8 times higher than that in 2000 IU/kg vitamin A group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).4)Three forms of vitamin A were detected in eggs,namely retinol,retinol palmitate and retinol stearate,among which retinol was the main form of vitamin A in eggs,accounting for 63.31%to 72.85%of the total vitamin A.In conclusion,different dietary levels of vitamin A have no significant effects on performance of laying hens under the conditions of this experiment,but can reduce yolk color,significantly increase the total vitamin A content in eggs,and achieve the enrichment of vitamin A in eggs.

关 键 词：维生素A 蛋鸡 富集规律 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]