发酵植物蛋白复配替代豆粕对青鱼生长、免疫、抗氧化及肠道菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Plant Protein Compound on Growth,Immune,Antioxidant and Intestinal Microflora Structure of Black Carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)

作　　者：陈倪慧 杨霞[1] 孙珊珊 雷西汀 邵仙萍[1] 吴成龙[1] 叶金云[1] CHEN Nihui;YANG Xia;SUN Shanshan;LEI Xiting;SHAO Xianping;WU Chenglong;YE Jinyun(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Breeding and Nutrition,College of Life Science,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院生命科学学院,水生动物繁殖与营养国家地方联合工程实验室,浙江省水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究重点实验室,湖州313000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第4期2478-2489,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-45);浙江省公益技术研究计划(LGN18C190009);湖州市公益性应用研究项目(2016GY01)。

摘　　要：本试验研究发酵植物蛋白复配替代豆粕对青鱼生长、免疫、抗氧化及肠道菌群结构的影响。以不同比例(1∶1和2∶1)发酵棉籽粕和发酵菜籽粕分别替代基础饲料中0(对照组)、50%、75%的豆粕,配制5种等氮等能试验饲料,饲喂初始体重(6.04±0.18)g的青鱼,试验期8周。结果显示:各组之间生长性能、形体指标及体组成均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组之间血清补体3、丙二醛、白蛋白含量以及溶菌酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。50%替代组的血清补体4含量均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),75%替代组的血清免疫球蛋白M含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组之间肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和总抗氧化能力以及总胆固醇含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组之间肠道α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),发酵棉籽粕和发酵菜籽粕以1∶1比例替代75%豆粕组的肠道胃蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在门水平上,青鱼肠道微生物优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes);在属水平上,青鱼肠道微生物优势菌属为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、青枯菌属(Ralstonia)和邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)。各组之间肠道主要菌群的相对丰度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,高比例(75%)发酵植物蛋白替代豆粕没有造成青鱼肝胰腺的损伤以及肠道菌群结构的改变,甚至提高了血清部分免疫指标活性及肠道胃蛋白酶活性,且发酵棉籽粕和发酵菜籽粕的复配比例也不会对青鱼生长性能、形体指标、体组成、肝胰腺抗氧化指标和肠道菌群结构产生显著影响。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of soybean meal replaced by fermented plant protein compound on growth,immune,antioxidant and intestinal microflora structure of black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus).The different proportions(1∶1 and 2∶1)of fermented cottonseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal were used to replace 0(control group),50%and 75%soybean meal in the basic diet,respectively,5 kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were prepared,and the black carp with initial weight of(6.04±0.18)g were fed for 8 weeks.The results showed that there were no significant differences on growth performance,morphological indicators and body composition among all group(P>0.05).There were no significant differences on serum complement 3,malondialdehyde,albumin contents and lysozyme activity among all group(P>0.05).The serum complement 4 content in 50%replacement group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05),and the serum immunoglobulin M content in 75%replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences on hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase,catalase,alkaline phosphatase activities and total antioxidant capacity and total cholesterol content among all group(P>0.05).There were no significant differences on intestinalα-amylase and lipase activities among all group(P>0.05),and the intestinal pepsin activity in fermented cottonseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal replacing 75%soybean meal with 1∶1 proportion group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The dominant microflora in intestine of black carp at the phylum level were Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Fusobacteria and Planctomycotes,and the dominant bacteria at the genus level were Aeromonas,Cetobacterium,Ralstonia and Plesiomonas.There were no significant differences on the relative abundances of intestinal main microflora among all group(P>0.05).To sum up,under the experimental conditions,the high proportion(75%)of fermented p

关 键 词：青鱼 发酵植物蛋白 豆粕 免疫 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S963.31[农业科学—水产养殖]