中古郊庙歌辞中的太一信仰与政治、社会变迁  

Taiyi Belief and Political and Social Transformation in the Sacrificial Hymns in the Middle Ancient Times in China

作　　者：颜敏 Yan Min(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期263-269,共7页Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：魏晋南北朝时期,太一信仰在民间流传甚广。通过考察魏晋南北朝郊庙歌辞,发现太一分别在宋、梁、陈国家祀典中占据重要位置。晋时,太一为六十二神之一,不复汉时尊崇。刘宋统治者宣扬其刘汉后裔的正统身份,追溯西汉以太一为至上神的神权体系而加以改造,通过以“太一”名“天”、尊“太一”为至上神,证明其政权的合理性。萧梁时期,将“太一”作为北极星名写入郊祀歌,并以之为至高神居所,是梁武帝出于弥合三教差异、建立国家层面统一的信仰体系的目的,结合社会各阶层太一信仰情况做出的调和之举。南陈承继梁代对太一的神位设定。太一的衰败、复起与其时政权的频繁更迭、社会变迁密切相关。During the Wei,Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties,the belief in Taiyi was widely spread among the people.By studying the sacrificial hymns of the imperial temples during this period,it is found that Taiyi occupied an important position in the sacrificial ceremonies of the Song,Liang and Chen Dynasties.During the Jin Dynasty,Taiyi was revered as one of the sixty-two gods,but was no longer respected during the Han Dynasty.The rulers of the Song Dynasty promoted their legitimate status as descendants of the Han Dynasty,traced back to the Han Dynasty’s divine power system that placed Taiyi as the supreme god and transformed it into their own.By naming“Taiyi”as“Tian”and elevating“Taiyi”to the supreme god,they sought to prove the legitimacy of their political power.During the period of the Liang Dynasty,“Taiyi”was written into the sacrificial hymns as the North Star.It was regarded as the residence of the highest god and a way for Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty to bridge the differences between the three religions and establish a unified belief system at the national level based on the belief in Taiyi among various social classes.The Chen Dynasty inherited the divine positionof Taiyi from the Liang Dynasty.The rise and fall of Taiyi is closely related to the frequent changes of political power and social transformation during that period.

关 键 词：太一 郊庙歌辞 三教融合 魏晋南北朝 梁武帝 

分 类 号：I206.[文学—中国文学]