短期专注冥想改善非冥想者的正念、状态焦虑与选择性注意  

Short-term focused attention meditation improves mindfulness,state anxiety and selective attention of non-meditators

作　　者：邓雅捷 彭彩妮 李晓乐 杨乐天 杜铭诗 彭君媛 陈幸明 王晓丽 党彩萍[1,3] DENG Yajie;PENG Caini;LI Xiaole;YANG Letian;DU Mingshi;PENG Junyuan;CHEN Xingming;WANG Xiaoli;DANG Caiping(Department of Applied Psychology,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 511436,China;School of Psychology,South China Normal University;Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University;Armed Police Hospital of Guangdong Province)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学应用心理学系,511436 [2]华南师范大学心理学院 [3]广州医科大学附属脑科医院 [4]武警广东总队医院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2023年第5期649-655,共7页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2021年度一般项目(编号:GD21CXL05);2021年度广东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(编号:S202110570065);广州医科大学2021年度校级质量工程项目(编号:01-408-2201054);广州医科大学高水平大学建设项目(编号:02-410-B205001186);2022年度广州市重点领域研发计划脑科学与类脑研究项目(编号:202206060004)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨短期专注冥想对非冥想者正念、状态焦虑和选择性注意的改善效果。方法:随机选取42名大学生,并随机分为训练组(n=22)、背景信息匹配的对照组(n=20);训练组进行30分钟的专注冥想,对照组进行相同时间的自由休息;干预前后,两组都完成状态-特质焦虑问卷、正念问卷和测试选择性注意的GoNoGo程序实验;最后采用t检验比较两组的干预效果。结果:在正念、状态焦虑和选择性注意维度上,前测的组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);但训练组的正念后测显著高于前测(t=-4.237,P<0.05)、状态焦虑后测显著低于前测(t=2.819,P<0.05)、选择性注意后测显著低于前测(Go条件RT均值:t=2.959,P<0.05;Go条件RT标准差:t=2.703,P<0.05);而对照组这4个指标的前后测差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结论:短期专注冥想可以改善非冥想者的正念、状态焦虑和选择性注意,它对提升人的知情状态有积极意义。Objective:To explore if short-term focused attention meditation can improve mindfulness,state anxiety and selective attention of non-meditators.Methods:A total of 41 college students were randomly recruited and were randomly divided into 2 groups:Training group(n=21)and control group(n=20).The training group took about 30 minutes of focused meditation and the control group took about the same time of free rest.Before and after the intervention,both groups were required to complete State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y,Mindfulness Inventory and the GONOGO procedure testing selective attention.The intervention effects of the two groups were compared with t-test.Results:In the dimensions of mindfulness,state anxiety and selective attention,the between-group variation of the pre-test were not significantly different(P>0.05),but the between-group variation of the post-test were significant different(P>0.05);Furthermore,within the training group mindfulness of the post-test were significantly higher than that of the pre-test(t=-4.237,P<0.05),state anxiety was lower than that of the pre-test(t=2.819,P<0.05),selective attention was lower than that of the pre-test(Mean of RT in Go condition:t=2.959,P<0.05;Standard Deviation of RT in Go condition:t=2.703,P<0.05).However,the difference of the control group in all the three dimensions between the pre-test and the post-test was not significant different(P>0.05).Conclusion:Short-term focused attention meditation can improve mindfulness,state anxiety and visual selective attention of non-meditators.It has positive effect on improving people's emotion and cognitive state.

关 键 词：冥想 专注冥想 正念 状态焦虑 选择性注意 GoNoGo 

分 类 号：R395.5[哲学宗教—心理学]