樊山“情理外无法律”试绎  

The Interpretation of "There is No Law outside of Emotion and Reason" by Fanshan

作　　者：霍存福[1] Huo Cunfu

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学法律文化研究中心

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2023年第1期56-76,共21页Jingchu Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“古代法官箴言及其传承与创新研究”(项目批准号:19AFX003)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：樊山的法律思想首推其“情理法”观。樊山发现了“情理”作为网络结构而存在这一事实,实际是区分了上位情理、下位情理;樊山喊出了“情理外无法律”,堪与沈家本“不能舍情理而别为法也”相媲美,都是对“情理法”关系的深刻揭示。樊山与他官不同,为令长、为臬藩时,皆“自治文牍”,不假手僚属。故其“情理法”观是通过批语判词的零星的、连续的方式表达出来的。樊山入仕前读律三年,知法、也遵法,但更主张变通法、活用法、突破法;他论“法”,多有“情”“理”参与;主张婚田争讼适用情理断案,刑案虽须遵守例案,但也得情理通顺,故他断案,“专补律意所不及”。樊山之“理”,多指法理:有刑事法规则、民间交易规则、程序法规则及行政惯例,但也指事物规律之事理、日常行为逻辑、对官员或百姓行为原理的推测等;樊山的许多“理”,不古板、却活泼,又不和稀泥、恪守界限,一些事理经抽象即可提升为法律原则;“理”包含“罚恶”,也兼寓“赏善”;其“人情、事理”之“理”,往往与人性相关联;有的“理”,已被“法”所限定,不再无条件使用。“情”具有多层面性,“情节”意义上的“情”,讲求“情罪相符”,变通为“原情而略法”;“人情”意义上的“情”,讲求“情法兼尽”,变通为“体谅人情”;“情法两欠”时,主要指“人情”未尽。樊山言“情、理与法三者皆讲不去”,可能是今人“情理法”并提的源头之一。Fan Shan's legal thought is first and foremost based on his view of the qinglifa(情理法).Fan Shan discovered the fact that"emotion and reason"(情理)exists as a network structure,which actually distinguished superior emotion and reason from inferior emotion and reason.Fan Shan shouted"there is no law outside of emotion and reason"("情理外无法律"),which is comparable to Shen Jiaben's"law cannot exist separately from emotion and reason"("不能舍情理而别为法也"),and is a profoundrevelation ofthe relationshipin qinglifa.Unlike other officials,Fan Shan"handled his own documents"when he was a county and a provincial official.Therefore,his view of"law of emotion and reason"was expressed in a sporadic and continuous manner through his judgments.Fan Shan studied law for three years before he joined the government,he knew and followed the law,but he advocated a flexible application of the law;he discussed the"law"with the involvement of"emotion"and"reason".He advocated the application of emotion and reason to marriage and land cases.Although criminal cases must comply with the rules that already exist,they must also be reasonable.Therefore,he decides cases specifically to supplement the imperfections of the law("专补律意所不及").Fan Shan's"reason"refers mostly to legal reasoning:rules of criminal law,rules of civil transactions,rules of procedural law and administrative practices,but it also refers to the matter of the law of the common things,the logic of everyday behavior,speculation on the principles of behavior of officials or people,etc.Fan Shan's many"reasons"are not archaic,but lively,and adhere to the boundaries,and some reasons can be elevated to legal principles through abstraction.The"reason"includes"punishing evil"and also"rewarding good";the"reason"of"human feelings and affairs"is often associated with human nature;some"reason"has been limited by the"law"and is no longer used unconditionally.The"emotion"are multidimensional.The"emotion"in the sense of"circumstance",which requires that

关 键 词：樊山情理 法律 法官 箴言 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]