缓解城市热环境的冷源质量评估及优化策略  

Evaluation and Optimization Strategy of Cold Source Quality to Alleviate Urban Thermal Environment

作　　者：李程蓉 陈天[1] LI Chengrong;CHEN Tian(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Furniture and Art Design,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]中南林业科技大学家具与艺术设计学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济地理》2023年第3期100-108,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目(22YBA114);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22B0238);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078329);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(52061160366);国家社会科学基金项目(18CZX066)。

摘　　要：以天津市内六区与环城四区为研究区域,筛选1228个冷源斑块为研究对象构建冷源质量评估体系,评价指标包含2项创新设计的聚合指标(热脆弱度、抗高温胁迫力)和7项单维度指标,各指标采用主客观相结合的方式进行赋权,然后利用自然断点法把冷源分为“优”“良”“中”“差”4个等级,以《天津市国土空间总体规划(2021—2035年)》二级主体功能分区方案为参考,将研究区划为冷源稳定区、冷源保持区、冷源改善Ⅰ~Ⅲ区进行优化策略研究。结果表明:(1)研究区冷资源丰富但开发利用不均衡,东北部和西南部的冷源质量较好,西北部和东南部的冷源质量普遍较差。(2)耕地和绿地的冷源质量良莠不齐,受景观格局配置的影响,滨水植被比单纯的植被具有更好的气候协同调节效应;带状和块状水域在各指标上的表现相对稳定突出,热脆弱度更低、对热环境变化的适应性和抗干扰的能力更好,但受斑块自身大小和区位的影响明显。(3)冷源稳定区和冷源保持区宜维持现有植被耕种类型、防止水体富营养化;冷源改善Ⅰ区应考虑城市引风设计、优选耕地种植类型、构建绿地乔草双层结构;冷源改善Ⅱ区需进行退耕还林和绿地植林,选择抗盐碱能力较强的植物构建乔、灌、地被复层结构;冷源改善Ⅲ区宜根据三区不同土地类型进行蓝绿景观配置,并适度开发休闲游憩功能。Taking the ten districts in Tianjin as the research areas,this paper selects 1228 cold source patches as the study objects to build the evaluation system of cold source quality.The evaluation indicators include two innovative design aggregate indicators(heat brittleness,high temperature stress resistance)and seven single-dimensional indicators.Each indicator is weighted by combining subjective and objective methods,the cold source quality is divided into four grades:"excellent","good","medium"and"poor"by using the natural breakpoint method.With the reference of the secondary main function zoning scheme in the Master Plan for Land and Space of Tianjin(2021-2035),the study is divided into cold source stable area,cold source maintenance area,and cold source improvement areas(from level 1 to 3)for optimization strategy research.The results show that:1)It has rich cold resources in the study area with the uneven development and utilization.The cold source quality in the northeast and southwest is good,while the cold source quality is generally poor in the northwest and southeast.2)The cold source quality of cultivated land and green land varies from good to bad.Influenced by the configuration of landscape pattern,the riparian vegetation has better climate coordinated regulation effect than the simple vegetation.The performance of zonal and massive water areas in various indicators is relatively stable and prominent,with lower heat brittleness,better adaptability to changes in thermal environment and better antiinterference ability,but it is significantly affected by the size and location of the patch itself.3)The cold source stable area and cold source conservation area should maintain the existing vegetation cultivation type and prevent water eutrophication.For the cold source improvement area at the level 1,the design of urban wind induction,the selection of cultivated land planting types and the construction of green space double-layer structure of trees and grass should be considered.Cold source improvement area a

关 键 词：冷源 水域和绿地 质量评估 热环境 热脆弱度 生态空间 蓝绿景观 

分 类 号：TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X57