交互涵化与全球环境治理的实践——以“基于自然的解决方案”为例  

Trans-Acculturation and the Practice in Global Environmental Governance--Nature-based Solutions as a Case

作　　者：马延滨 MA Yanbin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2023年第2期127-154,I0005,共29页Foreign Affairs Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“碳中和视域下中国参与全球气候治理的制度性挑战及对策研究”(项目编号:21AZD123);教育部人文社科规划基金项目“中国在全球气候治理中的角色成长及其逻辑研究”(项目编号:21YJAGJW001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着全球环境及其治理的不断演化,全球环境治理出现了西方与非西方两种不同文化共同体围绕共同知识与地方知识的争论。为此,本文借鉴“交互涵化”的概念和理论,尝试梳理和辨析这一知识辩论、涵化和再生产的过程,并结合相关实践的案例加以验证。基于关系理论主张的中庸辩证法原则,共同知识与地方知识是互融、互补且和谐的,涵化是社会知识再生产的重要路径。其中,知识辩论是推动涵化的核心力量。在单向涵化阶段,行为体间围绕他文化体的知识进入自文化体知识体系的可行性展开辩论,确定涵化的价值,实现知识学习。在双向涵化阶段,行为体间就生产包含自文化元素和意义的知识进行辩论,重视涵化的反思性,完成知识创新。在交互涵化阶段,行为体以塑造融合两种文化基本特征与优势的知识为目标开展辩论,彰显涵化的交互性,实现知识汇融。“基于自然的解决方案”的构建呈现出明显的知识涵化过程。以国际组织为主的治理主体通过四场知识辩论,将以地方知识为内核的地方环境治理方式涵化为汇融地方性与共同性的全球标准。而作为“基于自然的解决方案”的典型案例,非洲绿色长城项目的发展证实了知识涵化与实践演化的相对同步性,知识层面的涵化塑造了共同体的学习、创新与汇融,进一步从实践层面明确了交互涵化的重要意义。The debate on common and local knowledge between Western and Non-Western cultural communities has emerged with the evolution of global environmental governance.For this reason,this paper draws on the concept and theory of"trans-acculturation",tries to sort out and analyze the process of knowledge debate,acculturation and reproduction,and verifies it with relevant practical cases.According to the Zhong Yong dialectics advocated by the Relational Theory,these two kinds of knowledge are mutually inclusive and complementary and exist in harmony.Acculturation is a crucial way to reproduce social knowledge,and debate on knowledge is the core power to facilitate acculturation.At the stage of one-way acculturation,the debate focuses on the possibility of the entry of the knowledge from other cultures into the self-culture knowledge system,and defines the value of acculturation and achieves knowledge acquisition.At the stage of two-way acculturation,the purpose of the debate is to produce new knowledge that represents the elements and meanings of self-culture,emphasize the reflexivity of acculturation,and complete knowledge innovation.Finally,at the stage of trans-acculturation,the debate is about the combination of basic features and advantages of common and local knowledge,which highlights the interactivity of acculturation and promotes knowledge convergence.The development of Nature-based Solutions(NbS)has demonstrated the process of trans-acculturation.Through four debates proposed mainly by international organizations,practices in local environmental governance with local knowledge as the core become acculturated to the global standard that combines locality and globality.Furthermore,as a typical case of the NbS,the history of the African Great Green Wall confirmed the relative synchronicity between knowledge acculturation and practice evolution.Acculturation promoted learning,innovation,and convergence,which proved the importance of trans-acculturation in practice.

关 键 词：交互涵化 地方知识 共同知识 知识辩论 全球环境治理 国际组织 基于自然的解决方案 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]