硒、硼、锌微肥对设施冬枣坐果及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Selenium,Boron and Zinc Micronutrient Fertilizers on Fruit Setting and Fruit Quality of Winter Jujube in Facility Cultivation

作　　者：刘毅[1] 左力翔 王艺燎 秦国杰 LIU Yi;ZUO Lixiang;WANG Yiliao;QIN Guojie(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第7期52-60,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山西省科技成果转化引导专项资助项目(201904D131032);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研资助项目(SXYBKY2020017);山西农业大学博士科研启动资助项目(2021BQ52)。

摘　　要：以8年树龄的“沾冬2号”冬枣为试材,采用花期叶面喷施硒、硼、锌微肥的方法,以喷施清水作为对照,研究了7种不同微肥处理对冬枣开花坐果以及果实矿质元素积累、内在品质、采后贮藏性等方面的影响,以期为硒、硼、锌微肥在冬枣生产中科学应用提供参考依据。结果表明:施用微肥能提高枣树坐果率,改善果实品质,延缓采后枣果衰老,处理效果明显整体优于对照;与对照相比,T7处理(50 mg·L^(-1)亚硒酸钠+85 mg·L^(-1)多聚硼+70 mg·L^(-1)微力多锌)下坐果率和单株产量分别提高了0.33%和12.48%;T7果实样本中8种矿质营养元素(Se、B、Zn、N、P、K、Ca、Mg)含量均显著高于对照;可溶性糖含量和糖酸比明显提高,且维生素C和游离氨基酸含量分别达到对照样本的1.30倍和2.20倍;此外,T7样本在贮藏7 d后,果实失水率、丙二醛含量、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性均显著低于对照,而果实硬度和抗氧化酶(过氧化物歧化酶、过氧物酶)活性均显著增强。综上,T7处理在该试验中综合效果最佳,建议在晋南冬枣设施栽培中进行推广应用。Eight-year-old winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.‘Zhandong 2’)was used as test material.Winter jujube trees received foliar spray of selenium,boron,and zinc micronutrient fertilizers in the flowering stage,with water used as the control.The effects of flowering and fruit setting of jujube trees,the mineral element accumulation,intrinsic quality attributes,and postharvest storability of jujube fruit on seven different fertilization treatments were studied(T1-T7),in order to provide reference for rational application of micronutrient fertilizers in winter jujube production.The results showed that the application of micronutrient fertilizers distinctly increased fruit setting rate,improved fruit quality attributes,and delayed postharvest fruit senescence of jujube,achieving overall superior results.Compared with the control,the fruit setting rate and plant yield under treatment T7(50 mg·L^(-1)Na_(2)SeO_(3)+85 mg·L^(-1)polyborate+70 mg·L^(-1)IDHA-Zn)were increased by 0.33%and 12.48%,respectively.The contents of eight mineral nutrients(Se,B,Zn,N,P,K,Ca,and Mg)in T7 fruit sample were also prominently higher than those of the control.Additionally,the soluble sugar content and sugar/acid ratio were remarkably increased in T7 fruit sample,while the vitamin C and free amino acid contents reached 1.30 times and 2.20 times those of the control,respectively.After7 days storage,the water loss rate,malondialdehyde content,and polygalacturonase activity of T7 fruit sample were considerably lower than those of the control,accompanied by enhanced fruit firmness and antioxidant enzyme activity(superoxide dismutase and peroxidase).Given its best comprehensive effect under the experimental conditions,the T7 treatment was recommended for promotion and application in facility cultivation of winter jujube in southern Shanxi Province.

关 键 词：冬枣 微肥 成花坐果 果实品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学] S628[农业科学—园艺学]