印度中部喜马拉雅地区生计可持续性的生态系统服务评估和支付  

Ecosystem Services Valuation and Payment for Livelihood Sustainability in the Indian Central Himalayan Region

作　　者：Vishwambhar Prasad SATI Vishwambhar Prasad SATI(Department of Geography and Resource Management,Mizoram University,Aizawl,Mizoram 796004,India)

机构地区：[1]米佐拉姆大学(中央大学)地理与资源管理系,印度米佐拉姆邦艾藻尔796004

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第3期468-478,共11页资源与生态学报（英文版）

摘　　要：本文探讨了印度中部喜马拉雅地区生态系统服务对生计可持续性的评估和支付。本文数据收集自生物多样性资源的主要和次要来源——有形商品和无形服务。生态系统服务与高地(提供者)和低地(受益者)相互关联,并为广大人口提供生计支持。该区森林覆盖了约63%的区域,生物多样性丰富。同时水资源也很丰富,恒河及其支流满足了全国约42%的用水需求,并且水力发电约为30000 MW。由于环境清洁无污染,环境可持续性指数较高。尽管耕地仅占18%,但农业生物多样性相当高,这里生长着多种作物品种。然而,由于地形崎岖、偏远和不利的环境,高地人民无法以最佳方式利用这些生物多样性资源。高地人民贫穷,面临严重的营养不良和粮食短缺问题。因此可以考虑对有形和无形的生态系统服务进行估价,并进行支付。对下游群众使用的无形资源进行征税,向上游群众发放绿色红利。This article examines the valuation and payment of ecosystem services for livelihood sustainability in the Indian Central Himalayan Region(ICHR).Data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources on biodiversity resources–tangible(goods)and intangible(services)as the Himalaya is a repository of these resources,also called ecosystem services.The ecosystem services are interlinked with the highlands(providers)and the lowlands(beneficiaries)and providing livelihoods to the large populations.Forests cover about 63%of the total geographical area with rich biodiversity.Water resources are abundant as about 42%of the national water need is met by the Ganga River and its tributaries that originate and flow through the region.The hydroelectricity generating capacity is about 30000 MW.The environmental sustainability index is high due to the clean and pollution-free environment.Agro-biodiversity is substantially high and therefore,several crop races/cultivars grow here,although,arable land is only 18%.However,the people of the highlands are unable to use these biodiversity resources optimally because of the rugged terrain,remoteness,and adverse situation.As a result,the people of the highlands are poor,facing acute malnutrition and food scarcity problems.Valuation of both tangible and intangible ecosystem services can be done and payment can be made.Taxes can be levied on the intangible resources mainly used by the downstream people and green bonuses can be paid to the upstream people.

关 键 词：生态系统服务 估值 支付 生物多样性资源 印度中部喜马拉雅地区 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]