会话行为和句法格式——以汉语故事讲述中听者的问句为例  

Conversational Action and Syntactic Format:The Case of Recipients'Questions in Mandarin Storytelling

作　　者：乐耀 YUE Yao(Department of Chinese Language and Literature at Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系

出　　处：《当代语言学》2023年第2期280-299,共20页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉语自然口语对话的互动语言学研究”(20&ZD295)资助。

摘　　要：本文讨论了在故事讲述中听者如何使用预备问和问答问这两类问句。提问作为相邻对的前件具有高序列相关性。因为问句的句法结构、疑问内容的设定限制并影响了后件回应的类型与序列轨迹。这两类问句中两项话轮构建单位所在的话轮设计,在故事讲述中起到了承上启下的作用:承上与故事讲述直接相关,比如可以是对之前故事内容的评价等;启下与故事讲述间接相关,要么引发新的故事讲述,要么调节故事立场,要么干预故事讲述寻求背景信息等。对预备问的考察是从互动序列结构角度看其对疑问句使用的制约,而对问答问的考察是从语言的形式角度分析问句的结构对故事讲述活动的影响。本文从序列结构位置、相邻对前件的投射性以及问句的结构特点等角度解释了会话行为和句法格式之间的互育关系。研究强调,在交际中会话行为的实施和语法资源的使用并非按预定的规则进行,而是由交际双方根据互动的局部情况和真实场景来完成。This paper discusses how story recipients use preliminary questions(Pre-Q)and question-and-answer questions(QA-Q)in Mandarin conversational storytelling activities.On one hand,Pre-Qs are used to confirm the ability and feasibility of an action before it is performed,so as to avoid negative face problems.On the other hand,the confirmation function of Pre-Qs is constrained by the subsequent response.If the response is dispreferred,it will directly affect the way of the subsequent sequence development.The QA-Qs consist of two parts:1)telling question for seeking information;and 2)confirmation of the candidate answer.Responders of the questions first confirm the candidate answer and then answer the telling question,which is consistent with the principle of contiguity in response to multiple questions(Sacks 1987).The object of this research is the questions used by recipients of the storytelling.Question as the first pair part of an adjacency pair has high sequential implicativeness,because syntactic structures and contents of questions restrict and affect the subsequent response type and the sequence trajectory.The turn design of turn-constructional units in Pre-Qs and QA-Qs plays an important role in storytelling activities:retrospectively,it is directly related to the storytelling,for example,it can be the assessment of the previous story content;prospectively,it is indirectly related to storytelling,such as triggering a new line of storytelling,adjusting story stance,or intervening storytelling to seek background information.The study of Pre-Qs is to look into the restriction on the use of interrogative questions from the perspective of interactional sequence organization.As for the QA-Qs,this study is to analyze the influence of question structure on storytelling from the perspective of syntactic format.This paper explains the cross-fertilization relationship between conversational action and syntactic format from the perspective of sequential position,projectability of the first pair part of an adjacent pair and

关 键 词：故事讲述 预备问 问答问 会话序列 互动语言学 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]