西藏青稞地方品种主要农艺性状的遗传多样性  

Genetic diversity of main agronomic traits of barley landraces from Tibetan

作　　者：卓嘎 伦珠朗杰 张旭辉 旺姆 扎桑 普布卓玛 高利云 达瓦顿珠 汪妤[1] Zhuoga;Lunzhulangjie;ZHANG Xuhui;Wangmu;Zhasang;Pubuzhuoma;GAO Liyun;Dawadunzhu;WANG Yu(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement,Lhasa,Tibet 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,西藏拉萨850032

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期48-57,65,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西藏自治区科技重大专项(XZ202101ZD0004N)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析西藏青稞地方品种的表型变异和遗传多样性,为提高西藏青稞育种组合选配的针对性和育种效果提供参考。【方法】从国家作物种质资源库提供的1700份青稞地方品种中选取覆盖西藏青稞种植区域的代表性品种310份,2020-2021年在西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所试验地种植供试的310份青稞种质,调查抽穗期、成熟期、株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒质量,采用Shannon-Weaver多样性指数分析其农艺性状的多样性,利用生物信息学方法进行遗传力、主成分分析、综合评价及聚类分析。【结果】参试310份青稞品种6个主要农艺性状的遗传力为0.43~0.95,其中抽穗期的遗传力最高,而株高的遗传力最低;Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为1.30~1.42,均值为1.38,其中千粒质量和抽穗期的遗传多样性最高,穗长和穗粒数的变异系数最大。西部地区(日喀则、阿里)的青稞品种表现为早熟、矮秆、穗粒数少、千粒质量高;东部地区(昌都、林芝)的青稞品种表现为晚熟、高秆、穗粒数多和千粒质量低。前4个主成分成熟期、穗长、穗粒数和千粒质量代表青稞种质资源表型性状88.67%的遗传信息量。按表型性状的综合得分(F值)大小,筛选出排名前10位的青稞种质分别为ZDM06930、ZDM06926、ZDM06859、ZDM06732、ZDM06631、ZDM06590、ZDM05468、ZDM05131、ZDM04747和ZDM04727,其中来自西藏林芝的ZDM06930品种F值最高(66.49),综合表现最好。聚类分析将农艺性状采集齐全的291份参试材料分为4个类群,聚类结果与材料地理来源较吻合。【结论】西藏青稞地方品种遗传多样性较为丰富,且地区间遗传差异明显,以其为亲本或拟改良亲本育成的后代对西藏地区自然环境的适应性强。【Objective】This study analyzed the phenotypic variation and genetic diversity of Tibetan barley landraces to provide information for improving pertinence and breeding effect of breeding combination selection for Tibetan barley.【Method】A total of 310 representative varieties covering the whole barley planting areas in Tibet were selected from 1700 local varieties provided by the national crop germplasm resource pool.A total of 310 barley germplasms were planted in Lhasa from 2020 to 2021,and the heading date,mature period,plant height,spike length,kernels per spike and thousand kernel mass were measured.Diversity of phenotypic traits was analyzed by Shannon-Weaver diversity index.Heritability,principal component,comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis were conducted using bioinformatics methods.【Result】The heritability of 6 agronomic traits of the 310 tested varieties was 0.43-0.95,with the highest value in heading stage and the lowest value for plant height.Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranged from 1.30 to 1.42 with an average of 1.38,with the highest diversity for thousand kernel mass and heading date,and the largest variation coefficients for spike length and kernels per spike.The cultivars in the western region(Xigaze and Ngari)showed earlier maturity,shorter culm,fewer kernels per spike and higher thousand kernel mass.The cultivars in the eastern region(Qamdo and Nyingchi)showed later maturation,taller culm,more kernels per spike and lower thousand kernel mass.The first four principal components of mature period,spike length,kernels per spike and thousand kernel mass represented 88.66%of the genetic information of phenotypic traits of highland barley germplasm resources.According to the comprehensive score(F value)of phenotypic traits,the top 10 barley germplasms were ZDM06930,ZDM06926,ZDM06859,ZDM06732,ZDM06631,ZDM06590,ZDM05468,ZDM05131,ZDM04747 and ZDM04727,among which ZDM06930 from Nyingchi had the highest F value of 66.49 and the best overall performance.Cluster analysis divided the 29

关 键 词：青稞 地方品种 农艺性状 遗传多样性 西藏高原 

分 类 号：Q949.714.2[生物学—植物学] S326[农业科学—作物遗传育种]