国内外顶尖大学土木工程专业本科培养方案调研与对比  

Investigation and comparison of undergraduate training programs of civil engineering in top universities at home and abroad

作　　者：郑俊[1] 吕庆[1] ZHENG Jun;LYU Qing(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《高等建筑教育》2023年第2期36-45,共10页Journal of Architectural Education in Institutions of Higher Learning

基　　金：浙江大学建筑工程学院教改基金项目。

摘　　要：土木工程作为一门独立的科学技术,通过创造和改变环境来提高人类生活和生产的便捷性、高效性、安全性和舒适性。中国作为发展中国家,对土木工程专业人才需求量巨大,现开设土木工程专业的高校已超过550所,占高校总数的比例大于20%。随着人类科学技术的快速更新迭代,研究国内外顶尖大学土木工程专业本科培养方案具有重要的现实意义。从顶尖高校和顶尖土木工程专业两个维度综合考量,本文选取2021—2022年QS世界大学学科排名之土木与结构工程专业排名前50的国内外6所代表性高校,调研与对比分析6所高校土木工程专业本科培养方案中的教学目标和课程体系,可为我国高校建设世界一流土木工程专业提供参考。研究结果表明:6所高校在人才培养目标上基本一致,均强调对学生的知识传授、价值塑造和能力培养;国内高校清华大学和浙江大学本科毕业要求修读的课程门数明显多于国外4所高校,存在课程分配不均匀问题;清华大学和浙江大学在人文、艺术课程方面弱于国外几所顶尖名校,而在可供选修的专业课程丰富程度方面优于国外顶尖名校。课程体系是实现教学培养目标重要抓手,国内顶尖高校土木工程专业建设可适量减少总课程量,增加人文、艺术课程设置,为学生留足课外学习与消化时间,以实现对学生知识传授、价值塑造、能力培养三者的协调平衡培养。Civil engineering is an independent science and technology,aims to improve the convenience,efficiency,safety,and comfort of human life and production by creating and changing the environment.As the world’s largest developing country,China has a huge demand for civil engineering professionals.There are over 550 universities in China that offer civil engineering majors,accounting for more than 20%of the total number of universities.In the era of rapid technological iteration,studying the undergraduate training programs of top civil engineering programs at domestic and foreign universities has important practical significance.Based on a comprehensive evaluation of the top universities and top civil engineering programs,this paper selects six representative universities from the top 50 in civil and structural engineering in QS World University Rankings by Subject 2021-2022.A detailed investigation and comparative analysis of their undergraduate training programs in civil engineering was conducted,providing a reference for Chinese universities to build world-class civil engineering programs.The main conclusions and recommendations are given as follows:The six universities all have generally consistent talent training goals,emphasizing not only knowledge impartation,value shaping and ability cultivation.Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University require significantly more course credits for undergraduate graduation than the four foreign universities,and the course distribution is uneven.Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University are weaker in humanities and arts courses than several top foreign universities,but they offer more diverse elective courses in the field of civil engineering.The course system is the most important tool for achieving training goals,and it is recommended that top Chinese universities offering civil engineering programs should reduce the total course load appropriately and increase the number of humanities and arts courses,giving students more time for extracurricular learning and digestion,

关 键 词：高等教育 培养方案 土木工程 培养目标 课程体系 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] TU-4[文化科学—教育学]