免费义务教育与社会阶层流动——基于CGSS数据的实证研究  

Free Compulsory Education Reform and Social Mobility:An Empirical Study Based on CGSS

作　　者：刘帅 雷鹏飞[2] Shuai Liu;Pengfei Lei(National Academy of Economic Strategy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006;Center of Higher Education Research,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院,北京100006 [2]中南财经政法大学高等教育研究中心,武汉430073

出　　处：《教育与经济》2023年第2期30-40,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：湖北省教育科学规划项目“免费义务教育的社会阶层流动效应政策评估”(2020GB009)。

摘　　要：实施免费义务教育是我国在教育领域的一项重大举措,但目前对该政策效果评估的研究较少。本文从教育的社会阶层流动效应出发,运用CGSS微观调查数据,实证研究了免费义务教育政策对社会阶层流动的因果效应,并对作用机制进行了讨论验证。研究表明,受到免费义务教育政策冲击的个体,社会阶层提升概率和幅度都明显高于控制组。该结论在经过多项稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制分析表明,免费义务教育政策主要通过提高受教育程度、认知能力渠道促进受冲击个体的社会阶层提升,而收入并非主要作用路径。以上研究为继续实施完善免费义务教育,深化教育改革,促进教育公平、社会公平提供了政策启示。The implementation of free compulsory education is a major initiative in Chinese education,but little study has estimated the impact of this policy.Based on the effect of education for social mobility,this paper uses CGSS micro-survey data to empirically study the causal effect of the free compulsory education policy on social mobility,and discuss and verify its mechanism.The findings of this paper show that:individuals affected by the free compulsory education policy have significantly higher probability and magnitude of social class promotion than the control group.This conclusion is still valid after a number of robustness tests.Mechanism analysis shows that the free compulsory education policy mainly promotes the social class of the affected individuals through channels such as improving their education level,cognitive ability and political status,while not through improving their income.This study provides policy implications for continuing to implement and improve free compulsory education,deepen education reform,and promote educational and social equity.

关 键 词：免费义务教育 社会阶层流动 影响机制 社会公平 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]