黄河下游淤背区膨润土保水层试验研究  

Experimental Study on Water Retention Capability of Bentonitein the Dredged⁃Silt Deposition Area of the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：张依茹 黄波 王红雷 张旭 ZHANG Yiru;HUANG Bo;WANG Honglei;ZHANG Xu(School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学水利与环境学院,山东济南250022 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第5期65-68,75,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42077048);山东黄河河务局委托科研课题(鲁黄规计[2019]37号)。

摘　　要：针对黄河下游防洪工程淤背区保水能力弱、生态林生长能力差的问题,采用膨润土作为保水材料设置保水层方案(纯膨润土薄铺保水层、沙土-膨润土混合保水层、无保水层)并进行现场试验,研究不同膨润土保水层对土壤含水率和植被生长的影响,通过数据分析与评价确定最优保水方案。试验结果表明:膨润土保水层能提高淤背区表层土壤平均含水率4%~12%,植被各项生长指标同比提高4%~17%。利用TOPSIS综合评价法对3种方案进行对比表明,薄铺方案最佳,即在盖顶土与淤沙之间铺一层厚度约1.5 cm的膨润土后,淤背区表层土壤的保水持水能力显著提高,植被生长环境得到改善。In view of the issues of the weak water retention capacity and the poor ecological forest growth capacity in the dredged⁃silt deposi⁃tion area of the lower Yellow River flood control project,this study used bentonite as the water retention material to set up a water retention layer scheme(pure bentonite thin pavement layer,sand⁃bentonite mixed layer and control layer)for field tests and studying the effect of dif⁃ferent bentonite water retention layers on soil moisture content and vegetation growth.The optimal water retention scheme was determined through data analysis and evaluation.The results show that the bentonite water⁃retaining layer can effectively increase the average soil water content of 4%-12%in the dredged⁃silt deposition area,and various growth indicators of vegetation increase of 4%-17%year⁃on⁃year.The TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the three schemes,the approach degree of pure bentonite thin pavement layer is the best,which laying a 1.5 cm layer of bentonite on the sandy soil is more conducive to improving the water retention and tree growth environment.

关 键 词：淤背区 土壤改良 膨润土 保水性 黄河下游 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] TV882.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]