响应面法优化碱法提取藜麦淀粉及其性质研究  

Optimization of Alkaline Extraction of Quinoa Starch by Response Surface Methodology and Study on Its Properties

作　　者：潘自强[1] 张琦 潘鑫 高娅 邬晓勇[1] PAN Zi-qiang;ZHANG Qi;PAN Xin;GAO Ya;WU Xiao-yong(Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereals Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China)

机构地区：[1]成都大学农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室,成都610106

出　　处：《中国调味品》2023年第5期57-64,共8页China Condiment

基　　金：四川省科技厅项目(2022YFQ0041,2021ZHFP0018)。

摘　　要：目的:研究藜麦淀粉的提取工艺并对其形貌和理化特征等进行研究。方法:选用ZL-01藜麦为原料,以氢氧化钠作为提取液,室温下以一定范围的固液比、氢氧化钠浓度、浸泡提取时间为条件,对藜麦淀粉的提取工艺进行优化。通过扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射对藜麦淀粉的形貌特征进行研究,对胶稠度、透明度、淀粉糊化曲线(RVA)等理化性质进行测定。结果:碱法提取藜麦淀粉最佳工艺为固液比1∶6、氢氧化钠浓度0.3%、提取时间10 h,此时藜麦淀粉提取量预测值为0.477 g。以最佳工艺提取藜麦淀粉,实际提取量为(0.478±0.004) g。预测值和实际值相对误差为0.02%,两者无显著性差异。验证试验说明此模型预测参数准确,表明此模型用于藜麦淀粉提取工艺优化真实可靠。形貌性质测定结果表明,藜麦淀粉颗粒呈不规则多边形,大小为0.4~1.5μm,晶体结构为C型,结晶度为43.6%。理化性质结果表明藜麦淀粉属于中米胶长度且易加工,由于颗粒较小,初始透明度较低(16%),且随时间增加,透明度下降至11%。结论:藜麦淀粉具有糊化温度低、衰减值高、回生值高等特点,且易于加工,可为藜麦淀粉相关产品的研究提供一定的理论依据。Objective:To investigate the extraction process and the morphological and physicochemical properties of quinoa starch.Methods:The extraction process of quinoa starch is optimized with ZL-01 quinoa as the raw material,sodium hydroxide as the extraction solution,and under the conditions of a certain range of solid-liquid ratio,sodium hydroxide concentration,soaking and extraction time at room temperature.The morphological characteristics of quinoa starch are studied by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.The physical and chemical properties such as adhesive,transparency and starch pasting curve(RVA)are determined.Results:The optimal extraction process of quinoa starch by alkaline method is solid-liquid ratio of 1∶6,the sodium hydroxide concentration of 0.3%,and the extraction time of 10 h,at this time,the predicted value of starch extraction amount is 0.477 g.The actual extraction amount of quinoa starch extracted by the optimal process is(0.478±0.004)g.The relative error between the predicted value and the actual value is 0.02%,and there is no significant difference between them.The validation test shows that the predicted parameters of this model are accurate,and this model is suitable for the optimization of quinoa starch extraction process.The measurement results of morphological properties show that quinoa starch granules are irregular polygons with the size of 0.4~1.5μm.The crystal structure is type C,and the crystallinity is 43.6%.The results of physical and chemical properties show that quinoa starch is of medium rice gum length and easy to process.Due to the small size of the granules,the initial transparency is 16%and decreases to 11%with time.Conlcusion:Quinoa starch has the characteristics of low pasting temperature,high decay value,high retrogradation value and easy processing,which can provide a theoretical basis for the research of quinoa starch-related products.

关 键 词：藜麦淀粉 淀粉提取 响应面法 RVA 

分 类 号：TS235.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]