外泌体在老年认知功能障碍发生发展中的作用  

The role of exosomes in the development of aging cognitive dysfunction

作　　者：李娜[1] 高宇博[1] 倪新莉[1] Li Na;Gao Yubo;Ni Xinli(Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Mediicine,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学总医院麻醉与围术期医学科,银川750004

出　　处：《国际麻醉学与复苏杂志》2023年第3期323-327,共5页International Journal of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82260238);宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2021BEG02036)。

摘　　要：衰老引起的神经功能退行性变是老年认知功能障碍发生的重要原因。外泌体具有较小的体积和细胞膜样结构,既可以穿入血脑屏障扩散到整个大脑,也可以穿出血脑屏障进入外周循环,进行物质信息的传递。文章重点介绍了外泌体在发生认知功能障碍的衰老大脑中β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloidβ-protein,Aβ)和tau蛋白的聚集、微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)和神经炎症的调节机制,并阐述了外泌体在老年认知功能障碍疾病中的临床应用及前景,为外泌体作为脑靶向性纳米治疗的新型递送载体提供了支持,以期对老年认知功能障碍疾病的发病机制及预防、治疗靶点提供新思路。Neurodegeneration caused by aging is an important reason for cognitive dysfunction in the elderly.With a small vol-ume and membrane-like structure,exosomes can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and spread to the whole brain or enter the peripheral circulation to transmit material information.This paper focuses on the mechanism of exosomes in regulating the aggregation of amyloidβ-protein(Aβ)and tau proteins,microRNA(miRNA),and neuroinflammation in the aging brain with cognitive dysfunction.The clini-cal application and prospect of exosomes in geriatric cognitive dysfunction diseases were also elaborated,which provided support for exosomes as a new delivery vector for brain-targeted nano therapy to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of geriatric cognitive dysfunction diseases.

关 键 词：老年人 认知功能障碍 外泌体 Β-淀粉样蛋白 微RNA 神经炎症 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]