动词的结果义及其在词典释义中的处理  

Reason and Result:The Definition of Result Verbs in Chinese Dictionaries

作　　者：张苗苗 谭景春[2] ZHANG Miao-miao;TAN Jing-chun(Faculty of Linguistic Sciences,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言科学院,北京100083 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言研究》2023年第2期63-72,共10页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于汉语特征的多元语法理论探索(多卷本)”(20&ZD297);北京语言大学院级科研项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)“基于句法语义互动的词义结构研究”(22YJ170007)。

摘　　要：非自主的动作行为或其他某种成因往往会产生一定的客观结果。有些成因义不同的动词具有相同的结果义,可分为破损义、伤病义、断开义、沾附义、变化义、失败义等语义类型。含有结果义的动词,其结果义的释义主要有五种处理方式。模式一:(“因/由于”+)成因义+“而”+结果义;模式二:(“因/由于”+)成因义+“使”+结果义;模式三:动补结构,即“动词(成因义)+补语(结果义)”;模式四:连动结构,即“动1(成因义)+动2(结果义)”;模式五:采用同义词语释义。动词结果义的多种释义模式之间存在着系统性关联,具有一义多形的形义对应关系,在一定条件下可进行相应的变换。Involuntary action or certain reason often has objective meaning.Some verbs with different reason meanings have the same result meaning,including the meaning of damaged,injured,broken,attached,variable,failed and others.The definition of result meaning in result verbs can be summarized into the following five definition patterns:(1)“(yin/youyu(因/由于)+)reason meaning+er(而)+result meaning”;(2)“(yin/youyu(因/由于)+)reason meaning+shi(使)+result meaning”;(3)“verb-complement structure—verb(reason meaning)+complement(result meaning)”;(4)“serial verb construction—verb1(reason meaning)+verb2(result meaning)”;(5)interpret with synonymous words and phrases.There exists systematic correlation among various definition patterns of the result meaning of verbs,which has the corresponding relationship of different forms and the same meaning,and can be transformed under certain circumstances.

关 键 词：动词 结果义 成因义 释义 《现代汉语词典》 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]