上海市某区小学生学校适应影响因素分析  

Analysis on the factors influencing pupils′school adaptation in a district of Shanghai

作　　者：朱智佩 方黎 裘建萍 李泽兵[1] 周国权[1] 谢红涛[1] 鲁威 ZHU Zhi-pei;FANG Li;QIU Jian-ping;LI Ze-bing;ZHOU Guo-quan;XIE Hong-tao;LU wei(Shanghai Putuo District Mental Health Center,Shanghai 200065;Nanhui Mental Health Center,Pudong New Area,Shanghai 201300;Department of Dean′s Office,Shanghai Putuo District People′s Hospital,Shanghai 200060,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市普陀区精神卫生中心,200065 [2]上海市浦东新区南汇精神卫生中心,201300 [3]上海市普陀区人民医院院长办公室,200060

出　　处：《蚌埠医学院学报》2023年第4期507-511,共5页Journal of Bengbu Medical College

基　　金：上海市卫生健康委员会科研课题面上项目(202140196);上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题面上项目(201640151);上海市普陀区公共卫生重点学科(ptgw202101);上海市普陀区精神卫生中心院级课题(PTJW201901)。

摘　　要：目的:调查上海市某区小学生学校适应的综合状况及影响因素,为后续干预提供依据。方法:选取5所学校二至五年级小学生2580名,由学校老师填写教师-学生评定量表,了解学生学校适应水平,家长填写社会支持评定量表、家庭功能量表,小学生填写儿童社交焦虑量表、儿童社会期望量表、儿童自我意识量表,并进行统计分析。结果:不同学校、年级、性别对学校适应情况总分及分量表得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);父母填写和是否单亲对学生学校适应除自表能力外差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01)。除客观支持与任务取向无相关性(P>0.05),家庭社会支持水平与学生学校适应及分量表均呈正相关关系(P<0.05~P<0.01);家庭功能量表中问题解决因子与学生学校适应及分量表呈负相关关系(P<0.01),与沟通因子、总的功能无相关性(P>0.05),与其他各分量表均呈正相关关系(P<0.05~P<0.01)。儿童社交焦虑及分量表害怕否定评价、社交回避及苦恼与学生学校适应量表呈负相关关系,儿童社会期望水平与学生学校适应量表则呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。儿童自我意识及行为、智力与学校、躯体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群各因子与学生学校适应总量表、分量表均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),幸福与满足与学校适应分量表中任务取向、行为控制、同辈社交能力均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。智力与学校、性别、年级、问题解决、儿童社会期望、情感介入、儿童社交焦虑、父亲祖籍、客观支持、躯体外貌与属性、幸福与满足是学生学校适应的影响因素(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:小学生学校适应受家庭环境、儿童自身心理健康状况等多方面因素影响,提示今后在干预方面应加强发挥这些重要因素的作用。Objective:To investigate the comprehensive situation and influencing factors of pupils′school adaptation in a district of Shanghai,and to provide a basis for follow-up intervention.Methods:A total of 2580 pupils from grade 2 to grade 5 in five schools were selected.Teachers filled in the teacher-student assessment scale to understand the students′school adaptation level.Parents filled in the social support assessment scale and the family function scale.Pupils filled in the children′s social anxiety scale,the children′s social expectation scale and the children′s self-consciousness scale.Statistical analysis was performed.Results:The total scores and subscale scores of school adaptation in different schools,grades and genders were significantly different(P<0.01).Parents′filling in and whether they were single parents had statistical significance on students′school adaptation except for self-report ability(P<0.05 to P<0.01).Except that there was no correlation between objective support and task orientation(P>0.05),the level of family social support was positively correlated with students′school adaptation and subscale(P<0.05 to P<0.01).The problem-solving factor in the family function scale had a negative correlation with students′school adaptation and subscale(P<0.01),no correlation with communication factor and total function(P>0.05),and a positive correlation with other subscales(P<0.05 to P<0.01).Children′s social anxiety and subscale fear of negative evaluation,social avoidance and distress were negatively correlated with students′school adaptation scale,while children′s social expectation level was significantly positively correlated with students′school adaptation scale(P<0.01).The factors of children′s self-consciousness and behavior,intelligence and school,physical appearance and attributes,anxiety and sociability were significantly positively correlated with the total scale and subscale of students′school adaptation(P<0.01),and happiness and satisfaction were significantly po

关 键 词：学校适应 小学生 心理健康 

分 类 号：G445[哲学宗教—心理学] R179[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]