陶瓷基复合材料涡轮叶盘设计、制备与考核验证  

Design, fabrication and testing of ceramic-matrix composite turbine blisk

作　　者：刘小冲[1] 徐友良 李坚 罗潇 郭小军 胡晓安 曹学强 李龙彪[5] 刘持栋 董宁 刘永胜[1] LIU Xiaochong;XU Youliang;LI Jian;LUO Xiao;GUO Xiaojun;HU Xiaoan;CAO Xueqiang;LI Longbiao;LIU Chidong;DONG Ning;LIU Yongsheng(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi′an 710072,China;Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute,Aero Engine Corporation of China,Zhuzhou 412000,China;School of Aircraft Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学材料学院,西安710072 [2]中国航发湖南动力机械研究所,株洲412000 [3]南昌航空大学飞行器工程学院,南昌330063 [4]武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院,武汉430070 [5]南京航空航天大学民航学院,南京211106

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2023年第3期1696-1706,共11页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点支持项目(92060202);国家自然科学基金(52172100)。

摘　　要：涡轮转子是燃气涡轮发动机的核心部件。针对SiC/SiC涡轮叶盘设计、制备与考核验证开展研究,采用蛛网仿形(SWS)SiC纤维预制体作为涡轮叶盘的增强体,预制体表面分别沉积BN界面相与SiC基体,通“在线加工”方式对SiC/SiC涡轮叶盘分别进行粗加工和精加工,采用大气等离子喷涂方法制备环境障碍涂层,形成满足设计要求的涡轮叶盘。采用CT对SiC/SiC涡轮叶盘进行无损检测,表征叶盘内部缺陷分布。针对制备的SiC/SiC涡轮叶盘开展性能评价、超转试验、台架试验等考核验证,研究表明:SiC/SiC涡轮叶盘最大破坏强度达到300 MPa;在室温超转试验中,当转速达到n=104 166 r/min时,叶片发生断裂,当转速达到n=108 072 r/min时,轮体发生破裂;在发动机台架试验中,累积完成了N=994次最高转速n^(max)=60 000 r/min的循环载荷及N=100次最高转速n_(max)=70 000 r/min的循环载荷试车考核。2022年1月1日,SiC/SiC涡轮叶盘在株洲成功完成了首次飞行试验验证,这也是国内陶瓷基复合材料转子首次配装平台的空中飞行试验,验证了SiC/SiC涡轮转子在航空发动机上应用的可行性。Turbine rotor is the key component of gas turbine engines. Design, fabrication, and experimental verification of SiC/SiC turbine blisk were investigated. The Spider Web Structure(SWS) SiC preform was used as the reinforcement in turbine blisk. The BN interphase and SiC matrix were deposited on the surface of the SWS SiC fiber preform, respectively. The SiC/SiC turbine blisk was machined by "on-line processing" to form a turbine bisk that meets the design requirements. The environmental barrier coatings(EBCs) were prepared on the surface of SiC/SiC turbine blisk using the atmospheric plasma spraying(APS) method. The CT scan was conducted to characterize the internal defects in SiC/SiC turbine blisk. The mechanical performance evaluation, over rotation test and engine bench test were performed, respectively. The maximum failure strength approached 300 MPa. During the over rotation test, when the rotating speed reached n=104 166 r/min, the blade in the turbine blisk broke;and when the rotating speed reached n=108 072 r/min, the disk in the turbine blisk broke. During the engine bench test, low cyclic fatigue of N=994 cyclic with maximum speed n_(max)=60 000 r/min and N=100 cyclic with maximum speed n_(max)=70 000 r/min were completed. On January 1, 2022, the SiC/SiC turbine blisk successfully completed the first flight test in Zhuzhou, which is also the first flight test of the domestic SiC/SiC rotor assembly platform and verified the feasibility of SiC/SiC turbine rotor application in gas turbine engines.

关 键 词：SiC/SiC 涡轮叶盘 蛛网仿形(SWS) 环境障碍涂层(EBCs) 超转试验 台架试验 燃气涡轮发动机 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]