欧盟碳边境调节机制的实质、影响及中国因应——基于全球气候治理与国际贸易双重视角  

The Essence and Impact of EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and China's Response--From the Dual Perspectives of Global Climate Governance and International Trade

作　　者：徐昕 吴金昌 XU Xin;WU Jinchang(Shanghai University of International Business and Economics)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学贸易谈判学院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2023年第4期51-59,共9页Intertrade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“美欧针对我国有企业加强国际造法带来的挑战及应对研究”(20BFX203)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：欧盟碳边境调节机制实施在即,其被欧盟赋予了两项主要目标:预防碳泄漏及维护产品公平竞争秩序。以全球气候治理与国际贸易作为研究视角,在预防碳泄漏方面,该机制无视碳泄漏归责逻辑,单方推行市场调节方案,有悖于气候治理的全球观念,隐含气候单边主义实质;在维护产品公平竞争秩序方面,该机制通过主导碳定价,转移境内贸易禀赋优势而限制他国出口,干扰正常国际贸易秩序,体现了贸易保护主义实质。欧盟碳边境调节机制的实施将在全球气候治理层面削弱中国的气候话语权,干扰低碳发展计划进程;在国际贸易层面打击对欧关联企业出口能力,限制产业结构低碳转型。有鉴于此,当下中国应在国际和国内层面双措并举。在国际层面上,通过推行全球气候治理的人类命运共同体理念,运用WTO规则并构建国际碳关税,延展制度应对的缓冲期间;在国内层面上,利用宏观经济政策与完善碳市场、碳税建设,提高制度应对的内生能力,最大程度维护国家利益并助力世界发展。The EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism,which is about to be implemented,has been given two main objectives by the EU:preventing carbon leakage and maintaining the fair competition order of products.Taking global climate governance and international trade as the research perspective,it ignores the logic of attributing responsibility for carbon leakage and unilaterally implements market regulation scheme in preventing carbon leakage,which goes against the global consensusof climate governance and implies strong climate unilateralism.In terms of maintaining the fair competition order of products,it transfers the advantage of domestic trade endowment and restricts the export of other countries by leading carbon pricing,which interferes with the normal international trade order and reflects the essence of trade protectionism.The implementation of EU􀆳s carbon border regulation mechanism will weaken China's global climate discourse power at the global climate governance level,and interfere with the domestic process of low-carbon development.As for the international trade,China's export capacity of related industries to Europe will be hit,and the low-carbon transformation of industries will be restricted.For this reason,it is time for China to act on both the international and domestic levels.At the international level,China should implement the concept of global climate governance as a community with a shared future for mankind,and use WTO rules and build international carbon tariffs,extending the buffer period of institutional response;at the domestic level,China should use macroeconomic policies and improve the construction of carbon market and carbon tax,so the endogenous capacity of institutional response would be improved to safeguard national interests to the greatest extent and contribute to world development.

关 键 词：碳边境调节机制 气候单边主义 贸易保护主义 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F746[经济管理—国际贸易]