水分胁迫对半干旱区马铃薯产量形成的影响研究  

Effects of water stress on potato yield formation in semi-arid region

作　　者：雷俊[1,2,3] 蔡迪花 齐月[1,2] 赵福年 张凯[1,2] 姚玉璧 张新刚[5] 仇喜红[6] LEI Jun;CAI Dihua;QI Yue;ZHAO Funian;ZHANG Kai;YAO Yubi;ZHANG Xingang;QIU Xihong(Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reducing of Gansu Province,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China;Dingxi Arid Meteorology and Ecological Environment FieldExperimental Station,CMA,Dingxi 743000,Gansu,China;Dingxi Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Dingxi 743000,Gansu,China;Lanzhou Resources&Environment Voc-Tech University,Lanzhou 730021,China;Jiaozuo Meteorological Bureau of He’nan Province,Jiaozuo 450003,He’nan,China;Lingtai Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Lingtai 744400,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]中国气象局定西干旱气象与生态环境科学试验基地,甘肃定西743000 [3]甘肃省定西市气象局,甘肃定西743000 [4]兰州资源环境职业技术大学,甘肃兰州730021 [5]河南省焦作市气象局,河南焦作450003 [6]甘肃省灵台县气象局,甘肃灵台744400

出　　处：《干旱气象》2023年第2期233-240,共8页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42230611、41975151);甘肃省省级科技计划项目(21JR7RA772、20JR5RA117、20JR5RA114);甘肃省气象局科研项目(2122rczx-英才计划-06、MsCg2023-16)共同资助。

摘　　要：马铃薯是继水稻、小麦和玉米之后的第四大主粮作物,对保障国家粮食安全有重要意义,为探索黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)产量、叶片光合生理及干物质积累对水分胁迫的响应特征,以马铃薯主栽品种“新大坪”为试验材料,于2021年进行土壤水分胁迫试验,在块茎膨大关键期(8月)控制土壤水分,设置田间持水量的40%±5%(中度水分胁迫,T1处理)、55%±5%(轻度水分胁迫,T2处理),以田间持水量的75%±5%(充分供水处理,T3)为对照进行分析。结果表明:水分胁迫条件下,马铃薯单株最大块茎重、块茎重和产量均下降,块茎个数减少,屑薯重和屑薯个数显著增加(P<0.05),T1和T2处理产量较T3分别下降30%和13%;叶片净光合速率(Net Photosynthetic Rate,Pn)、气孔导度(Conductance to H_(2)O,Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Intercellular CO_(2)Concentration,Ci)显著下降,其中气孔导度(Gs)降幅最大(59%),T1处理水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)较T3提高31%;在弱光区,中度和轻度水分胁迫对Pn影响不显著(P>0.05),在光强大于等于300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,处理间差异增大,T1、T2处理Pn较T3平均下降42%和32%;受水分胁迫影响,最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))、光补偿点(Light Compensation Point,LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)显著下降(P<0.05),轻度水分胁迫光饱和点(Light Saturation Point,LSP)最高,为893.32μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),中度水分胁迫叶片可利用的光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically Active Radiation,PAR)区间缩小,对强光的利用能力下降;水分胁迫导致根、茎、叶、叶柄干物重下降,其中中度水分胁迫叶柄降幅最大(63%),叶片次之(57%),根最小(53%)。该研究可为黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯干旱灾损评估和土壤水分的高效利用提供理论依据。As the fourth major staple crop after rice,wheat and corn,potato is of great significance for ensuring the national food secu⁃rity.In order to explore the response characteristics of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)yield,leaf photosynthetic physiology,dry matter accumulation characteristics to water stress in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau,the soil water stress experiment was conducted in 2021 by using the main potato variety“Xindaping”as the test material.The soil water was controlled during the critical period of tu⁃ber enlargement(August).Field water capacity was set at 40%±5%(moderate water stress,T1 treatment)and 55%±5%(mild water stress,T2 treatment),and 75%±5%(full water treatment,T3)was used as the control for analysis.The results show that under water stress,the maximum tuber weight per plant,tuber weight per plant and yield all decreased,the number of tubers decreased,the weight and the number of pellet potato increased significantly(P<0.05),and compared with T3 the yield of potato under T1 and T2 treatments decreased by 30%and 13%,respectively.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO_(2) concentra⁃tion(Ci)of potato leaves decreased significantly,among them the Gs decreased by 59%,and the water use efficiency(WUE)of T1 treat⁃ment was 31%higher than that of T3.In the weak light area,the effect of moderate and mild water stress on Pn is not obvious(P>0.05),when the light intensity was higher than 300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),the differences between treatments increased,and Pn under T1 and T2 treat⁃ments decreased by 42%and 32%on average compared with T3.Under the influence of water stress,the maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(nmax)),light compensation point(LCP)and dark respiration rate(Rd)decreased significantly(P<0.05),and light saturation point(LSP)under mild water stress was the highest(893.32μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)).The range of available photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)of leaves decreased under moderate water stress,and the ability to us

关 键 词：马铃薯 水分胁迫 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S16[农业科学—农业气象学]